A. merozoites E. neophytes, Under what environmental conditions would it be MOST advantageous for the photoautotrophic dinoflagellate Peridinium limbatum to reproduce asexually? E. that all protists are in the same phylum, Some protists bear a small number of external cellular structures that facilitate swimming by repeatedly bending and straightening. their toxic properties. Stramenopiles represent one of the three major clades in the SAR supergroup, along with Alveolata and Rhizaria. A. aerobic, photosynthetic, eukaryotic. The siliceous skeletons of radiolarians are easily fossilized, and consequently the fossil history of this group is well known. They are found in freshwater and marine plankton. -are not all more closely related to each other than they are to some other organisms, are not all more closely related to each other than they are to some other organisms. -They are autotrophs, but they are not parasite. Stramenopiles are eukaryotes; since they are neither fungi, animals, nor plants, they are what used to be called protists. D. A host cell ingests one symbiont and then later ingests another one. undergoes meiosis to produce four haploid micronuclei, of which three meiosis to produce eight micronuclei, of which seven disintegrate, (3) D. Type III systems use flagella modified as "syringes" to inject materials into cells they are infecting whereas Type IV systems use modified pili as transfer tubes. Yes, because its skeleton could have been replaced by minerals to form a fossil. Many important photosynthesizers are stramenopiles and not all stramenopiles are single-celled. D. They release nutrients that other organisms can use. A. organisms B. capture of moonlight for nocturnal Characteristics. D. Stramenopila D. They release From a 100 mL sample, you use a 0.5 mL subsample to inoculate a plastic dish filled with a semisolid nutrient medium that fosters growth of coliform bacteria. What is the difference between plants and Archaeplastida? The origin of the mitochondrion and chloroplast is hypothesized to have involved E. calcium carbonate crystals, The choanoflagellates are in the supergroup Radiolarians trap food using spikey filose pseudopodia that are reinforced by microtubules. -It is responsible for mitochondria. A host cell They found that: Ciliates also have a unique method of sexual reproduction, calledconjugation. Foraminifera It occurs when genes are transferred from parent to progeny. A. orientation with respect to the Earth's magnetic field First, although some phylogenetic analyses support a grouping of Stramenopiles and Alveolates as sister taxa, others cannot resolve the relationships between Stramenopiles, Alveolates, and Rhizarians. There are estimated to be at least 25,000 stramenopile species. This is the organism that decimated potato crops in Ireland in the late 1840s causing the great potato famine in which over a million died of starvation and another million emigrated. They possess chlorophylls a and c, carotenoids, and xanthophylls, including fucoxanthin (which is a signature molecule for many members of this group). [20] They are usually supported by four microtubule roots in a distinctive pattern. D. it allows the development of drugs that target metabolic pathways unique to the pathogen The Mesomycetozoa form a small group of parasites, primarily of fish, and at least one form that can parasitize humans. Tests, if present, are of overlapping siliceous or organic scales or plates. A. Eukaryotic flagella have microtubules in a cytoskeleton whereas prokaryotic ones do not. The genome of a Blastocystis subtype 7 was resolved by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and 15 chromosomic bands have been characterized. Kelp grows in underwater forests (kelp forests) in shallow oceans, and is thought to have appeared in the Miocene, 5 to 23 million years ago. B. red algae C. kelp D. cyanobacteria E. B. Directional movement toward the food particle using a gliding motion - Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Explore the definition of stramenopiles, diatoms, brown algae, and golden algae. A. bioremediation Radiolaria(radiolarians):Radiolarians are a group of unicellular amoeboid heterotrophs that are planktonic. Group: Stramenopiles Oomycetes (Water Molds and Their Relatives) Oomycetes include water molds, white rusts, and downy mildews They were once considered fungi based on morphological studies Most oomycetes are decomposers or parasites They have _____ _ (hyphae) that facilitate nutrient uptake Most flagellated heterokonts have two flagella; the anterior flagellum has one or two rows of stiff hairs or mastigonemes, and the posterior flagellum is without such embellishments, being smooth, usually shorter, or in a few cases not projecting from the cell. C. Both systems attach to cells in the same way but they differ merely in the chemicals that they inject into the host cell. E. Alveolata, An environmental testing laboratory is unable to identify a single-celled organism isolated from a well water sample. chemoautotrophs Updated:. B. horizontal gene transfer the gametocyte E. Sulfuric acid, aerobic, and anaerobic respiration. They are pathogenic. The name Stramenopiles (replacing the previous Chrysophyta, Heteokonts and Chromista) means straw-haired. D. There are approximately 200 coliform bacterial species per milliliter. E. Participate in beach cleanup efforts, Phagotrophy (Phagocytosis) is: It helped provide a date for the emergence of vertebrates. -are all members of the same phylum What do stramenopiles do? haploid nucleus in an individual of sexual strain (+) divides D. differential land movement. B. malaria pseudopodia, Which group of protists is most closely related to animals? B. The process of photosynthesis increased the amount of what gas in the atmosphere? dinoflagellates Some dinoflagellates even obtain plastids from food organisms, a strategy calledkleptoplasty. These plastids were obtained by secondary, tertiary, or possibly even quaternary endosymbiosis. The stramenopiles and the alveolates together are now widely regarded as comprising the chromalveolates. This form of plastid is called a stramenochrome or chromoplast. It is sometimes used in synonymous to Plantae. Among the stramenopiles are the unicellular diatoms, the multicellular brown algae, and the nonphotosynthetic oomycetes, many of which are saprobic. A. protective coverings that are hard, mosquitoes, that constitutes a serious health problem for humans. B. the use of microorganisms to break down harmful substances in the environment They are widely used in the study of paleoclimatology and paleoceanography. The range of variation within these organisms is stunning. [18] The proteins that code for the mastigonemes appear to be exclusive to the stramenopile clade, and are present even in taxa (such as diatoms) that no longer have such hairs. Red algae, green algae, and plants are so closely related that they Planktonic and benthic forams have a long fossil record, extending back to the Cambrian Period. B. -Food webs would be unchanged. Copeland also included the unrelated collar flagellates (as the choanoflagellates) in which he placed the bicosoecids. Alveolates contain both photosynthetic lineages, such as Chromera and many dinoflagellates, and non-photosynthetic lineages, such as ciliates, colpodellids, apicomplexans and perkinsids. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Sponges (phylum: Porifera) are animals that possess feeding cells called collar cells. D. Decreasing light availability caused by an increase in suspended particles, Plasmodium falciparum is a protistan parasite, borne by mosquitoes, that constitutes a serious health problem for humans. B. Bacteria and Eukarya diverged from a common ancestor more recently than they diverged from their common ancestor with Archaea. A. The adaptive significance of sexual reproduction is that it: C. Increases in animal body sizes and appearance of shelled organisms. They are photosynthetic. B. Spirochaetes E. It has a flagellum. 2002; Harper and Keeling 2003); therefore, it is likely that the alveolates diverged sometime after 1,274 MYA, before the split of the cryptophytes in the Chromista. Most (about 90%) of the known species of radiolarians are extinct. B. Alveolata A. chloroplast, mitochondria, nucleus, endosymbiotic A. protecting the flagellum B. filtering bacterial food photosynthesizers. E. cyclic land drift. [15] The term 'stramenopile' sought to identify a clade (monophyletic and holophyletic lineage) using the approach developed by transformed cladists of pointing to a defining innovative characteristic or apomorphy. D. purple [21], Many stramenopiles have plastids which enable them to photosynthesise, using light to make their own food. -locomotion via pseudopodia, What two types of organisms are responsible for decomposition? D. (1) in each conjugating pair of The evolution of organisms that use oxygen in their respiration was possible only because of the action of a group of bacteria that produced oxygen and changed the Earth's atmosphere from an anoxic one to one rich in oxygen. on soil, parasite to land plants). A. the choanoflagellates (2012) is:[38], They are not called chloroplasts, the most common form of photosynthetic plastid. A. They are generally unified by the possession of two unequal flagella, one with tripartite tubular hairs, and have been shown to form a monophyletic group in many molecular phylogenetic analyses. SAR includes unicellular, filamentous, colonial, and multicellular members, and individuals may be non-motile or motile by flagella, cilia, pseudopodia, or by other means. The stipes of some kelps have a central zone of elongated conducting cells. A. Rickettsia rickettsii; A unicellular intracellular pathogen that infects warm-blooded animals, including humans, causing Rocky Mountain spotted fever. They may Stramenopiles have chlorophyll a, chlorophyll c1/c2, and fucoxanthin as photosynthetic pigments. Also, in the vegetative state they have diploid nuclei, whereas fungi have haploid nuclei. B. Chlorophyta cell while the macronucleus in each cell disintegrates, (5) the cells Stramenopiles (also called heterokonts) are an extremely diverse group of parasites, heterotrophs, and algae that are found in similarly diverse habitats. These flagella pull motile cells through the water. Plants share a most recent common ancestor with what group of protists? The diploid micronucleus undergoes meiosis, and three of the four haploid daughter micronuclei disintegrate. zygote Due to their similarity in growth and metabolism to fungi, they were initially incorrectly placed in the Fungi (hence the common name water molds). to the pathogen. Her eyes show no ulceration or conjunctivitis. pseudopodia B. possession of hard shells C. tertiary B. E. Excavata, The group of protists to which you are most closely related is: A. Chlamydomonas reinhardtil and Gonium pectorale cells are biflagellate, Pleodorina californica and Volvox have no biflagellate cells. E. SO. D. It provided evidence that the earliest life forms were heterotrophic. slime molds, Members of the supergroup Amoebozoa are characterized by: C. Sulfuric acid respiration. Algae appear in colors of gold, brown, red, or green. The majority of these organisms are marine. When You Breathe In Your Diaphragm Does What. C. because they must await a chemical signal from a fish before Stramenopiles are a vast and complex group that includes photosynthetic algae, heterotrophic flagellates, parasites, and organisms resembling fungi. macronuclei fuse to form a diploid one and the eight haploid cell ingests another cell already containing a primary symbiont. Diatoms form unique two-part cell walls that are formed of silica oxide (SiO2). Most species are planktonic, but some exist in symbiotic relationships. Flagellated cells are not produced by members of this group, but non-planktonic diatoms may be observed to move by gliding. Many are planktonic. The term 'stramenopile' was introduced by D. J. Patterson in 1989, defining a group that overlapped with the ambiguously defined heterokonts. sexual strain (-) where it fuses with the resident haploid nucleus to A. decay time The results of blood studies for SSA and SSB antibodies and for rheumatoid factor titers are pending, as are xxx-rays of her hands. Why was this particular fossil significant? For each of the following balanced reactions, calculate how many moles of product would be produced by complete conversion of 0.15mol0.15 \mathrm{~mol}0.15mol of the reactant indicated in boldface. its own and one from its conjugant, (6) the two haploid micronuclei in B. T or F, Sushi wrappers called nori are a type of red algae. C. binary fission A. E. orders, Archaea have very diverse environmental requirements and tolerances. B. botulism E. mutualist. B. From what you have learned about them, which among the following conditions or substances do ALL archaeans require for survival and reproduction? E. dinoflagellates, The photosynthetic systems of algae living in deeper water are adapted to absorb more of the light of which of the following colors? E. They protect against viruses. E. it allows scientists to predict likely hosts of the pathogen using phylogenetic analysis, - stramenopiles It increases genetic diversity for a species. All form biflagellate motile cells at some point during their life cycles. Which of the following are not used by protists for protection against predators? E. It helped provide a date for the emergence of bilateral symmetry in animals. D. Endospores cannot resist stressful conditions whereas akinetes can. Rhizaria, Phagotrophy (Phagocytosis) is: E. Actinobacteria. conditions. B. A. For example, in 1956, Copeland[14] used it to include the xanthophytes (using the name Vaucheriacea), a group that included what became known as the chrysophytes, the silicoflagellates, and the hyphochytrids. red algae. B. the absorption of RNA from prokaryotic cells. Which statement most accurately describes the evolutionary relationships among the three domains? A host cell manufactures its own symbiont and later acquires another one by phagocytosis. quality of light prevalent in their various preferred habitats and separate, each with two nuclei, one of its own and one from its E. producer, The proteobacterium Rhizobium lives in a close association with legume roots, providing a source of nitrogen for the plant. C. No, because bacteria continued to decompose its skeleton after it was buried. [17], The presumed apomorphy of tripartite flagellar hairs in stramenopiles is well characterized. T or F, Protists are organisms that are generally microscopic, live in moist environments, and cannot be classified in the animal, plant, or fungal kingdoms.
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