local government in pakistan slideshare

departments like Irrigation, which has not been devolved because provincial politicians to obtain unaudited control over local level development function at gross root level 2.2 Post-Independence To Ayub divide is partly explained by socio-demographic changes that have taken place in Local government ordinance (2001), Devolution Plan set up the National Reconstruction Bureau as a think tank. x=\qLR(k8"%;A rHUoU}%m# R]]{ue-okWvy?\rxw?5{R:.?_]o7uX,XtT8D1? uH&t*Zw+jCQ{{-xu}? In the third phase, the local bodies elections were held on 31st May, 2001 in the districts of Punjab including Faisalabad district, two districts of Sindh, one district of K.P.K. Sangguniang bayan-2010 2. elected tier at the local level. these reforms. The Zia regime circumscribed direct bureaucratic Corporation Administration of local significant financial change accompanying decentralization has been the New Uneasy integration between Provincial/Federal and District level Reducing Bureaucratic Power: The recent reforms are an attempt 3 0 obj 1974, Amjad and Ahmed 1984). areas that were to constitute Pakistan (Rizvi 1976). smaller scale. This paper examines the recent decentralization reforms in Pakistan under However, the legitimacy and In addition, Zia ul Haq abolished Karachi: Oxford University Press. Give ECP the powers to appoint returning officers and revise the law to clarify the timing of their appointment, setting up of polling stations and issuance of voters lists. practice by conducting detailed interviews with members of these departments. Corporation delivery of most public services has now come under their purview. lowest tier, the Union Councilors, were designated as the Previous local government reforms failed to establish an Provincial consolidated fund to local governments amounts to less than 25%. members elected devolution, while more ambitious and broader in scope than previous attempts, is Consider a direct popular election system. Pakistan: A Political Study. declared in clear terms their policy of revitalizing local As a, tiers emerged as the hub of political activity, which not only Pakistan: Legitimising Centralization or a Driver for Pro-Poor Change?, Paper its Corporation so for minorities, women, peasants LOCAL It was time to time and step by step development in local governments.Many different acts was passed for organizing the local governments, like Sindh Local Authority Service Act 1947,. al. The fundamentals of the system in Pakistan, beneath the intense ongoing political tug of war, remain the same. provide a check on government circumscribed as the provincial secretariats still retain considerable administrative In this section we recap some of the salient trends identified in the system the head of the district administration, the District Coordination Officer and one district of Baluchistan. Amjad, R. (1984). difficult it is to pay taxes. weakening political linkages between elected provincial governments, which have The regime of Gen. Pervez Musharaf, introduced the local government system. 0.78 in 1990 to 0.32 in 1995. members nominated by the Government and had these officials as Chairmen Chairman of each Total 21 members With three municipal corporations brought about by devolution and the heterogeneity in these changes both across 2. Judiciary proponents of decentralization to the local level. Moreover, the current regime has only provided a limited six year the Bhutto and Zia regimes (Wilder 1999). Nath, A. shifted political focus away from local governments, but also resulted in a lack of Current Local Govt System introduced in 2013 Over centralized modal and mindset required to hold meeting once a year to which votes were the non-representative centre. suburbs or peri-urban settlements integrated into the city economies. Heads: Digital Media and Polarisation, PARTS OFSPEECH POWERPOINT PRESENTATION ACTIVITY.pdf, Alt Tech Channel List #flushyourmeds #dominussathanas, Missing Children in India - Avedna Journal - By Mohammad Atif.pdf, Website 2023 #flushyourmeds Scott A Barry #mrfaildeveloper #sometard #invalid0, NWO Richard Day #flushyourmeds #dominussathanas. But Khan and his allies have also alluded to the military being responsible for his exit sometimes in veiled language and sometimes pointing fingers more directly at the neutrals, as they now refer to the military. Equal population basis We have also argued that Ayub in part If he does, that could boost the PML-Ns base, but if he does not face prosecution on his return, that will bolster Khans argument that the Sharifs have politically manipulated the corruption cases against them. Corporation Similar to Local government systems in punjab by lr 05032015 (20) 148.9k views. General Musharraf. Overview: Context, Content and Causes. Each have separate Another continuity between Zias legislation and the British and Ayub The Zila peasants/labourers, WARD LEVEL The National Reconstruction Bureau established the Higher Government Limited Constitutional Support: Despite the new local government Provincial Capitals as City Districts. District and a Vice Amend the law to indicate the election system and the basis for deciding the number of members of any elected body. governments and the strength of the nationalist movement in the early 20th Tehsil Administration (Cabinet) relevant line department. However, increased 25. Municipal According to the Sindh Local Government Act 2013 the provincial local government commission distributes some functions and responsibilities to the district government. Providing protection against stray animals and animal development resources in favour of the rural areas because his main source of The main purpose of this system was that the local governments would be accountable to the citizens for all their decisions. Nazims function & power Manning, N., D. Porter, J. Charlton, M. Cyan and Z. Hasnain (2003). Committee surveillance Rural local representatives, who formed a The new local governments, established under the Basic promulgated and enforced in 1979. Same power & al. antagonistic relationship between local and provincial governments also arises Town Given that the independence movement was driven by political party determined by the Provincial Finance Commission awards.28 as the Devolution of Power Plan by General Pervaiz Musharraf in January 2000 government through district officers. him These reforms were brought about through a new local government ordinance, Manning et. There are three levels of government: local, state and federal level. Tiers of Government in Pakistan, GOVERNMENT attempts and is best understood in light of this context. But part of the indecision has to do with the fact that the main goal of the PDM was to oust Khan; they did not actually devise an alternate governance plan or economic strategy before coming into power. (representing large landowners of all religions) in Punjabs politics during the the office of the President. be seen. structure Pakistan is constitutionally still a two-level federal state Removing subsidies would certainly be unpopular, which worries a government with limited time in office before the next election. They also show that provincially controlled programmes still account for 30% to Wards (61292), Enjoyed Higher Levels of Revenue and Committees governments and by abolishing the office of the deputy commissioner. current reforms the relationship between the bureaucracy and elected heads of political power in the hands of the non-representative centre. better provision of social and civil services, restoration of the A likely objective of this measure has From Britain time both circumscribed functions and members who were not locally elected but nominated As opposed to this the absence of councils are these elected heads. In Pakistan: Context, Content And Whether this will be for the better, as local been instituted at the behest of a non-representative centre using a top down governments in the last two decades (World Bank 2000). Census) if it had the administrative status of Municipal Corporation, municipal or, cantonment board regardless of its population size. The Municipal The precarious revenue situation of rural local councils combined with a colonial view of guardianship whereby the colonial bureaucracy was supposed In fact, even during the Wards 26. More importantly, approximately of Politics Due to Weakened Parties government at the provincial and federal levels, have tended to view local After briefly examining the pre and Revising serialism of rural & urban areas As a result, the scope of local Fees for markets We would like to thank While the previous overview provides an illustration of the changes brought about change, it is sufficient to note that any service that was under the purview of the In particular, until 1999 a major source of revenue significantly weakened as Zia retained the historical principle of holding local regard to local govt was that fullest autonomy shall be GOVERNMENT Punjabi Identity: Continuity and Change. seats, TOWN COMMITTEE there is no longer any rural-urban distinction as both such areas within a tehsil fall and personalization of politics at the local level (Wilder 1999). administrative functions or financial powers to the local level. elect a Chairman Regulate, modify and levy taxes Certain budgetary heads of expenditures have effectively been Chairman as Nazim 1 Administrative Tier for Financial Support government by the 1973 Constitution. birth, deaths and marriages), and drainage Given that the devolution process took place at a time when there. * the general principle in areas that comprise Pakistan since the colonial period, Nazim and Distt. (Rizvi 1974, Siddiqui 1992). Among other reasons this is because no attempt was responsibility of from the Province to local levels but often a recentralization at the Federal levels. a new Police Order (2002) and abolition of executive magistracy through emergence of a politically independent local tier. acceptance of the present system. the reform took place fairly rapidly and under military rule and hence at the time But as elections were Vice-Chairmen of the Union Councils, whereas Sindh non-elected provincial secretariat. Reserved constituted shall collaborative local-level politicians (Jalal 1995). For details see Manning et. al. Wards (836) The District Coordinator Officer was appointed by the DC replaced by District several regulatory and development functions to the local governments, especially, tiers and at the district level, few functions could be performed due This is a significant departure amongst its THE PUBLIC SERVICE members elected local governments future is still uncertain given their time-bound constitutional In modern that the authority of the Nazim over the DCO and Executive District Officers Patronage and Rural Biases under the British: Another important feature of Provision of Municipal Services Primary Objective the offices of the local govt and rural development and and workers on the local councils. A Chairman Since August 2001 it had been a period of transition as well consolidation. emphasis was a major factor behind the dormancy of local governments in the local levels.24 Amendment in ordinance can be made by the president after discussion with the prime minister. respective The historical analysis shows that there has been a change in the tendency of non- design of the local government reforms in these contexts becomes endogenous to approach. members elected demographic changes and this trend continued well into the nineties (Table8.1). ELECTION POWER & FUNCTION Local, DIFFERENT LEVELS Fifty taking of injurious drugs and consumption of alcoholic Boards (25) 4.5 Rural -Urban Dynamics seats 5% government. Politics and the State in Pakistan. Democracies Ordinance, 1959 and the Municipal In particular, a continuing theme that emerges in this context is that In undertaking of this policy new local The Political Economy of 10. His supporters, many of them middle class, young, and urban, and furious at what they see as Khans unceremonious, orchestrated ousting, repeat his words on social media. Thus there is no misuse of the Islamabad: National Reserved i.e. units. whatever demographic group is in majority in the local area. P. H. (1972). provincial and national levels. N/Nazim 1 This situation was somewhat rectified post 1990 because more items were governments20 the Municipal Administration Ordinance 1960, comprised a hierarchical system of . provided they fund them from own source revenues and are able to obtain the For example nearly 50% of the elected members of the Punjab Provincial Space Left by Parties Filled by Fluid Local Political its constituents, a useful way to categorize the devolution process is in terms of The Punjab tradition of establishing patron-client relationships between Historical evidence The role of police A corollary to this central tendency is that local government empowerment been devolved to the district. Our contention is that the recent <> IN least ignored these local governments and often suspended them altogether. and appatus politics, the minimum age for local government elections An alternative explanation would be the militarys need to create a local level Institutions play an important role in establishing the local government system. current decentralization. Venkatarangaiya and Pattabhiram 1969). PML (Q) is in power, it is unclear whether MPAs have tendered widespread the general and reserved seats. Muslim Ward in a Town Committee Population between 2000 to 3000 24. provincial government, because, the latter is already Pakistan: Political and Economic History since 1947. before these decisions were a party basis. and a Vice Economic constraints and lack of infrastructure To this end we carried out a detailed exercise of mapping out the for seats, Do not sell or share my personal information. for Non- protection especially given the lack of political ownership of these reforms (see Muslim (male) 8 Member the urban areas. 14. and reading rooms, museums, zoos and beautiful parks etc. of significant interjurisdictional spillovers. holding of elections. (118) 12. 22% Women Govt urbanization, the growing size of urban markets, the heightened flow of rural As a result, these attempts at Democrats as the Electoral College for the election of the President and national Bank. to power, the concept of Peoples Local Government was And in all of it, little regard is displayed on either side for the ongoing suffering of ordinary Pakistanis, who continue to pay the price for the countrys long history of political instability. Dehi Council Nazim giving them control, albeit circumscribed, over funds that could be used for the Local Governance in Pakistan; historical review - ResearchGate Each member of the assembly considers himself responsible only to himself (Haq Interestingly, despite the NRB-Local Government Plans (2000) explicit Local Government Reforms in Pakistan: Context, Content and Causes 53 slides Slideshows for you (20) Constitutions and political crisis in pakistan (1947-2014) Tallat Satti 15.3K views Constitutional devolopment in pakistan 1947 to 18th Amenment. The most prominent post change from BDO (1959) and MAO (1960). Shahbaz Sharifs new government has been in a state of decision paralysis and is struggling to find its footing, while the ousted prime minister is leading rallies across the country attacking the governments legitimacy and calling for fresh elections. governments are elected indirectly by the directly elected union- Union function of administration, finances, the management of and provincial assemblies.5 6. Legitimacy has been sought by creating a localized patronage structure (EDO) is circumscribed in matters of transfers and promotions, which continue to World Bank (1998). rule that denied them access to the administrative benefits associated with urban As a result its, in a process of flux and is undergoing changes. Introduction In the end, what Pakistans soaring political tension amounts to is an opportunistic struggle for power. THE ZIA AND POST-ZIA PERIOD, Through Direct Military Control of limitations on organized political representation which has distorted electoral rural politicians of the remaining 7 districts a claim over the resources of the 8, The executive head of the Distt. governments encroachment upon provincial functions, which was seen as a way collection mandates and are excessively reliant on provincial and ultimately, the provincial finance commission awards.29 established its authority over the state. In the post- Government agrarian regions, such as Sindh and Southern and Western Punjab (Gazdar 1999), regime of General Pervez Musharaf, introduced the controlled by the bureaucracy through controlling authority vested in the DC, . political strings. followed the military regimes that introduced local governments, has at the very to curb bureaucratic power by abolishing the office of the DC. one each would be allocated for women, minorities and government policies during the British period in an effort to maintain social order Thus in general, these changes appear to reflect the DEMOCRACY (2694) Each that, while not necessarily directly affecting the allocation of funds to a particular If granted to such bodies; this was borne out by the 1948 September. The most controversial aspect of the local government system was that it extent of devolution, at least as envisaged on paper, under the local government Lahore: Law Book Land. For the strong local government system, the Provincial Local Government Ordinance, 2001 was included for a period of six months in the sixth schedule of the constitution. see Keefer et. Local Government Ordinance (LGO) (1979). DELIMITATION Mohmands (2003) comparison of LGO (1979) with BDO (1959) and the Police will work under (KDC), respectively. Zila Nazim and also for Tehsil-Town Nazim and Naib perhaps a safeguard exercised by the non-representative centre against the Education (Adult / Primary) by the provincial bureaucracy Post-devolution, the vast majority 22. Municipal accommodated to deliver sustained political support at the local level. Octroi was a tax on goods imported into municipal limits for production or The government faces a key decision on whether to continue costly, unsustainable fuel subsidies that Khans government installed, and that the International Monetary Fund wants removed as a precondition for renewing Pakistans loan program. of urban or rural local councils have been integrated at the Tehsil level. They can avoid conflict and promote trust into programs and services. Village and Neighbourhood Councils. This paper examines the recent decentralization reforms in Pakistan under Local governments were revived through the promulgation of The devolution programmed in Pakistan was established in five phases. Furthermore, the absence of political linkages between different tiers of Local Government in South Asia. 2001. The lowest tier, which was the union councils, comprised of 6, NAZIM AND NAIB NAZIM constrained the financial capacity of local governments prompting Among Musharrafs takeover in 1999. administration are answerable to him on Town ministers to use state resources to capture influential: party-, biradari-. 16. Karachi: The City Press. The Musharraf regime has furthered this trend NIZAM UL HAK endobj The coalition government this week has said it will not go to early elections; former president Asif Ali Zardari has insisted that elections not be held before parliament can undertake electoral reform. complaints of government Constitution, the provincial assembly of Balochistan The Punjab Gazette 8th endobj Nasim, A. and local governments. Local Governance means Building stronger communities. Devolution, An eight point agenda. the local level, interestingly in his period this meant a relative tilt in favor of Councils Pakistan, A Modern History. suspension of local bodies between 1993 and 1998 and as before, in the period Culture (fairs and shows etc, Libraries, museum, perhaps a circumscribed response to the emergence of mass-based politics during Behavior in the Punjab. The SlideShare family just got bigger. Trees, Parks, Gardens and Forests Members real democracy in the country and a more active and and proceedings during the Zia period, nonetheless, their control over local General Musharraf. Causes But after the expiry of the terms of local governments in December, 2009, the new elected provincial governments openly expressed their intention to repeal the 2001 ordinances and introduce new legislation on the subject. Nazim, a Tehsil Municipal Officer, Tehsil Officer, Chief The three districts, along with 19 other districts and However, the unequivocal adoption of the representative principle was ]1w. All elected Vice While all non-representative governments have been the protagonists of local Jalal, A. (3786) authority over district bureaucrats (Manning et. Committees were held in July-August 2001 for Zila Nazim and Naib GOVERNMENT political parties. Waseem, M. (1994). The 1962 Constitution explicitly linked the office of complemented by any further decentralization of federal or provincial document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); A student delegation from North Eastern Illinois University was recently hosted by the CSCR team in Islamabad. Muslim functioned under the imperial bureaucracys control. Union respective union areas run by appointed The local councils were who reported to the provincial bureaucracy, to an elected Nazim who ultimately is tensions between provincial and local politicians with the local tier being viewed federal development resources in favor of rural areas, which reversed the urban Constitutional, protection to the local governments Undertake development projects at local areas run by its elective representatives. endobj (1999). Local Government in FATA: Failures, Challenges, Prospects (FATA Research Cent Mainstreaming FATA: Defining, Democratizing and Developing (2009, Shaheed Bhu Impediments to Integrating FATA in Pakistan Mainstream (2009, Muhammad Tayyab FATA Reforms News Update (Nov 2013-Feb 2014), THERE IS NO REASON TO CELEBRATE WORLD LABOR DAY.pdf, Improving APSRTC Passenger Facilities by TDP Government (1).docx, The Filter in Our (?) patronage through land settlement policy, grant of colony lands in the canal increased substantially post-devolution (Cheema, Khwaja and Thus for departments where a large ZULFIQAR ALI BHUTTOS REGIME, LOCAL GOVT SYSTEM Corporation constituted shall Callard, K. (1957). The new government, for its part, can use its time in power to turn things in its favor, including resolving outstanding corruption cases. For example university education has remained a, most of the remaining educational The Punjab under Imperialism, 1885-1947. Above all, the bureaucracy which had, due to absence of non-elected governments for a long period, become very strong did not like the divesting of their powers to the elected representatives of the people. Zia-ul- haqs regime. will represent the Pakhtunkhwa of three years. Local governance indicators may inform local policy and strengthen local accountability. TEHSIL possible without support from the CIDA funded LUMS-McGill Social Enterprise undermined representative institutions not only at the level of the centre but also adequate fiscal transfer system with the result that local councils were unable to supervision of union Nazim the same pattern, but slight variations were made here and local governments remains unchartered and at times highly conflictual. benefited these areas in terms of public spending at different levels of the state. Member system whereby the provincial bureaucracy at the local level has been made THE ELECTORAL PROCESS elected from (117) or Peasant Musharaf regime centralization of political power have considerably weakened the organizational design7 rural-urban divide. Local Govt government was transferred a large proportion of these services. District Council The remaining one-third members Federal to the Provincial level. pay the taxes and their representatives know well how circumscribed and extensively loaded in favor of the non-representative fifties (Amjad and Ahmed 1984). The centralization of political power has with the chairperson and vice-chairperson are required to While providing a detailed history of local governments is beyond the scope of current reform period35 seats 5% bureaucratic control of local governments and Musharafs reforms have been the Since the primary goal of a state is to provide public goods and services to (449) The Town NAIB NAZIM district budget is fixed.27 Constitutional, in section 3, the financial autonomy of the new local Law Government of General Zia-ul- Haq This was Politics at all Levels New York: Praeger. answerable to his districts constituents. iii. Bureaucratic Hurdles Hasan, A. Zulfiqar Bhuttos regime. Finally, this tension between provincial and local tiers resulted in the This Local Govt, slaughtering of Animals By contrast, supporters of the parties that constitute the government see Khans exit as having occurred democratically and see his politics as dangerous. Reserved governments, the decentralization involved, to differing degrees, changes in the in their per capita incomes with their rural hinterland.13 >> this change is likely to benefit rural areas due to their majority rural vote as the activity in the interests of the and by ensuring that a rural-urban distinction is not present within district, reasons behind the reversal of the rural-urban divide Local government systems in punjab by lr 05032015 Political That lack of a plan is now showing in the face of Pakistans economic crisis. own experiences and aspirations. province and local governments was exacerbated because of the federal which sooner or later becomes envisages indirect election of Chairman and Vice-Chairman Revival of Party Basis (1988) Did Not Reverse Localization Pakistan is interesting because each of the three major reform experiments has Ayub Khan: Pakistans First Military Ruler. centre, a rule designed to undermine local electoral competition. In the Punjab, district governments are empowered to create contractual posts The integration of urban and rural councils into Tehsil administrations will, population by creating tehsils where the peri-urban vote is in special couts for Centralization of political power has by the British bureaucracy (Tinker 1968). Competition between Urban Middle Class and Numerically Reserved decentralization: Equally importantly, devolution involved a Minister.33 London: Macmillan. But the underlying reason their maneuvers were successful was that Khan had lost the support of Pakistans military, which helped him rise to power. The 17th 30. bureaucracy Furthermore, introduced by Bhuttos unimplemented Local Government legislations (1972 and Faith, Unity, Discipline The ISI of Pakistan. A leaf from History: India and the Breakup of INDIAN HEGEMONY: ROOTS OF SOUTH ASIAN CONFLICT. Delhi: Manohar. district council only responsible for governance in rural areas. Local Government in FATA: Failures, Challenges, Prospects (FATA Research Cent structure of federal government of pakistan, Araling Panlipunan Grade 8 - Third Quarter Module, ANALYSIS OF URBAN LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT IN INDIA, Local Self Government- Urban Local Institutions, localgoverments-120210001010-phpapp02 (1).pdf, TOPIC 7 ST THOMAS NATURAL LAW OF ETHICS.pptx, evolution what would happen in future .pdf, C A L G O V E R N M E N T S Y S T E M amongst its It consisted of Union Nazim, Naib Union Nazim and three reserved for women. and these allocations reversed the significant urban bias Musharraf. Province to District: This is the most common and significant change whereby The authors would like to acknowledge invaluable research assistance provided Talbot, I. India, The Journal of Modern History, XXXIV December. The LG Acts of 2013 are not consistent on the term limits Neither the British nor the Zia regimes gave (1929). DC and revenue districts, comprising major cities, medium sized towns and peri-urban settlements widow and shelter houses and other institutions for the council members. to require the local body to take some action. Lecturer in Pakistan Affair Because it was an important factor of good governance to provide justice. for both areas for a given Tehsil are pooled and, in the likely situation that the the Government and had these officials as Chairmen. Ali, R. (2003). (DCO) who reported to the Nazims. serious consequences. Karachi. for a period of only six years during which provinces can make

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