Angry at the growing resistance, Japanese troops killed as many as 300,000 civilians. We include resources for teaching with limited class time, for English/Language Arts, and for History classes. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1.) At the end of the third read, you should be able to respond to these questions: In this unit we see the rise of governments that have certain political characteristics. Some burned it for fuel. ETNOPOLTKA ARATIRMALARI DERGS - Academia.edu Past IBDP History Paper 2 Questions and Responses - Traces of Evil The German banking system collapsed, and by 1930 unemployment skyrocketed to 22%. 96 - How did Castro see social policy? Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees. In the broadest sense, totalitarianism is characterized by strong central rule that attempts to control and direct all aspects of individual life through coercion and repression. Yet this discouraging near-term political picture becomes less ominous, or at least less clear-cut, if one looks down the road. It is hollowing out democratic institutions and enhancing the tools of repression in developing countries. (May 10 TZ2), In what ways, and to what extent, was propaganda important in the rise and rule of Hitler? It declared a state policy of overt discrimination against Africans, Arabs, and Jews. Summarise Castro's rise to power in terms of: - conditions faced; mistakes + weaknesses of others, Compare and contrast the role of propaganda in the emergence of two authoritarian states, each from different regions. Still, Fascism in Italy was not without racism. China rows back after envoy denies sovereignty of former Soviet states Under the emergency decree, they could be terrorized, beaten and held indefinitely. China downgraded diplomatic ties with Lithuania and pressured multinationals to sever links with it in December 2021 after the Baltic nation, which has long favoured a hard EU line on Beijing, allowed Taiwan to open a de facto embassy in Vilnius. But it is likely to contribute to the significant authoritarian shakiness that has made itself felt over the past decade. Communist Party: -Fear of Bolshevik revolution. Explore Museum suggestions for where to begin teaching about the Holocaust. These questions will help you get a better understanding of the concepts and arguments that are presented in the article. In 1935, the Nazis passed the Nuremberg Laws. (Nov 09), Unpopular rulers or governments, and their overthrow, were responsible for the formation of the majority of twentieth century single-party states. To what extent do you agree with this assertion? DOCX DR. SIELINSKI - IB HISTORY - Home Authoritarian leaders revel in projecting an image of strength. Thousands of Germans waited in lines for work and food in the early 1920s. These failings are likely to have negative long-term consequences for these regimes. Russia/USSR - Lenin ItalyMussolini GermanyHitler USSRStalin ChinaMao Emergence of authoritarian states Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system To what extent did the structure and organization of government in Germany between 1933 and 1939 contribute to Hitlers maintenance of power? Although there was much weakness in the political system of Weimar Germany from 1919-1933, one man stablised all areas of both politics and daily life for Germans, and hence must be considered a key block in the Nazis' rise to power. Unpopular or tyrannical governments. The democratic nature of the Weimar Republic paradoxically led directly to the creation of Nazi authoritarian state, as it created an environment of expression and new ideas in which Nazism flourished. How China Exports Authoritarianism - Foreign Affairs The skim should be very quick and give you the gist (general idea) of what the article is about. The emergence of authoritarian states is a fascinating way of exploring the History Rising Big Question on Perspectives. 87 - How did the US respond to the Cuban Revolution? A new and unfamiliar democratic form of governmentthe Weimar Republicreplaced the authoritarian empire and immediately faced daunting challenges. Photo of Mussolini and Hitler standing next to each other, each dressed in their military uniforms. Washington, DC 20024-2126 These problems range from refusals to recognize the severity of the problem to the suppression of valuable domestic voices or sources of information, disorganized policy responses, and unwillingness to maintain the lockdown measures that would safeguard their populations. The humiliation of Germanys defeat and the peace settlement that followed in 1919 would play an important role in the rise of Nazism and the coming of a second world war just 20 years later. Resistance was muted (unnoticed) at first, but grew rapidly as Japanese forces attacked the Chinese capital of Nanjing. David Eacker is a Ph.D. student in History at Indiana UniversityBloomington. . Uzbekistan president wins referendum on extending powers When the government chose not to intervene in this conflict, the Fascists used the fighting to gain power in the region. 1. DP History: Graded student essays for Authoritarian States Crime was on the rise. His position and apparent support for Chinas efforts to play peacemaker in the Russian invasion of Ukraine contrasts with a more hawkish approach from the European Commission president, Ursula von der Leyen. To probe the potential political consequences of the pandemic for authoritarian regimes, it is useful to look more closely at why many have fallen short in their responses to the coronavirus. 2. Finally, the outcome of the campaign affirmed the Fascist view that, at the end of the day, violent struggle led to power. Difference Between Totalitarianism, Authoritarianism, Fascism - ThoughtCo Discuss with reference to one authoritarian state. The Fascists soon followed up with assaults throughout the region. Charismatic appeal rather than successful domestic policies enabled single-party leaders to maintain power. With reference to Mao, to what extent do you agree with this statement? In lieu of claiming that the coronavirus was invisible and therefore not present, quite a few authoritarian leaders have made themselves invisible instead. 88-89 - What other external threats existed? mussolini created a dictarship in italy when he was given the position as prime minister, Course: World History Project - 1750 to the Present, World History Project - 1750 to the Present. Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system. New social problems emerged from the impact of rapid industrialization and the growth of cities. Moreover, most authoritarianswhatever the quality of their pandemic policiesface enormous new economic pressures as a result of the virus. Authoritarianism | Definition, History, Examples, & Facts The Italian foreign minister, Antonio Tajani, said he also disagreed with Lus comments. Mussolini Flashcards | Quizlet If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. In the aftermath of World War I, Germans struggled to understand their countrys uncertain future. 4.1 The emergence of the authoritarian state in Germany, 1919-1934 164 4.2 Hitler's consolidation of power, 1934-1935 183 4.3 The aims and results of Nazi policies 210 . Methods used to establish authoritarian states: persuasion and coercion; the role of leaders; ideology; the use of force; propaganda, 2. Sign up to receive emails from Carnegies Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program! Under the pressure of unending carnage, governments toppled and great empires dissolved. 20. . Examine the role of education and propaganda in the maintenance of power in Maos China. Though this massacre was never acknowledged, some Japanese leaders privately justified it as necessary to "pacify" ("make peaceful") the Chinese population, whom they saw as members of an inferior nation. 2016. Causes and effects of war: Chinese Civil War, H/L The People's Republic of China 1949-2005, http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2016-03-09/guest-post-message-voting-cattle?page=1, http://paxonbothhouses.blogspot.jp/2014/10/hitler-i-am-acting-as-agent-of-our.html, Cambridge paper - re.opposition to Nazism, http://www.casahistoria.net/ibrevision.htm, In 1943, hundreds of German women saved their Jewish husbands from deathcamps, Propaganda in Authoritarian States - Trump's laughter and clapping instigators, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YpHRvuVvrDU, https://medium.com/@laurennreiff/how-do-you-think-nazism-happened-4662332b6c4b, www.youtube.com/watch?v=b1Zxy3Z2i34&has_verified=1, https://www.ted.com/talks/sviatlana_tsikhanouskaya_how_to_be_fearless_in_the_face_of_authoritarianism?utm_source=newsletter_daily&utm_campaign=daily&utm_medium=email&utm_content=button__2020-11-12#t-24, "Final Account" taken from The Guardian 12/03/2021. As the coronavirus has spread, many political observers have warned that it is bolstering authoritarianism globally. Stalin and his supporters identified their enemies in political and social ways. Paper Two essays will expect students to analyse one or two authoritarian states on a topic inked to one of the themes on the prescribed content. The Nazis were revolutionaries who wanted to radically transform Germany. The conditions in which authoritarian states emerged were mainly He was offered a deal just as the Nazis started to lose votes. How did Japanese leaders justify Japans imperial expansion? Key Weaknesses Plaguing Authoritarians. In other words, the lack of a reasonably level playing field notwithstanding, elections are still competitivealbeit unfair. It is the ending of the world. Half of all Frenchmen aged 20 to 32 at wars outbreak were dead when it was over. (Bay of Pigs; Cuban Missile Crisis). Now we must win the German people. Moreover, among democracies, those with leaders who have strong illiberal tendencies, like U.S. President Donald Trump and Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro, have done the worst in responding to the pandemic. To do so, three practices are studied . (2) How did Fidel Castro consolidate and maintain his power? (Nov 06), To what extent was the rise to power of either Hitler or Mao due to personal appeal and ability? -PACT OF STEELE formal military alliance committing Italy to fight on Germany's side in the event of war In the 1920s, Mussolini pursued an aggressive foreign policy. Step-by-step, Ethiopia became a state governed by a regime without moral or political constraints. Conditions in China before 1911 Until the 19th century, China was a very conservative nation. Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system, 2.) It got a bad name': the death of the post-Soviet dream, Russia-Ukraine war as it happened: explosion derails Russian train; at least 34 injured after Pavlohrad attack, Myhunting trip with Yeltsin killed off the Soviet Union, UKexpected to stop funding Chinese state-linked Mandarin teaching schools, Russia-Ukraine war at a glance: what we know on day 432 of the invasion, TheSoviet Union collapsed overnight. (May 2009), Compare and contrast the domestic policies of Hitler and Stalin up to the outbreak of the Second World War. [2017] Hitlers ideological goals included territorial expansion, consolidation of a racially pure state, and elimination of the European Jews and other perceived enemies of Germany. -Tried to limit Hitler's powers as chancellor in 1932. 'The conditions in which authoritarian states emerged were mainly determined by. In a country plagued by joblessness, embittered by loss of territory, and demoralized by ineffective government, political demonstrations frequently turned violent. Paper 2 Questions | PDF | Authoritarianism | Civil War - Scribd colonial rule (1910-1945). There are still "meaningful democratic institutions" (Levitsky and Way 2010a, 20) within these erstwhile authoritarian regimes.8 What More than one third of all German men aged 19 to 22 were killed. Download PDF. (Nov 10)), Analyse the circumstances that helpedoneright-wing leader to become the ruler of a single-party state. In this way, militarism and imperialism broadened Fascism's appeal. The first world war, from 1914 to 1918, was fought throughout Europe and beyond. Many political parties had their own paramilitary units to attack opponents and intimidate voters. The democratic elections of Weimar Germany were idealistic, as they allowed representation of a wide cross-section of society in the Government. Methods used to establish authoritarian states: persuasion and coercion; the role of leaders; ideology; the use of force; propaganda, Ideology, Role of Leaders, Use of Force, Persuasion, Propaganda, RAS- local fascist leaders in charge of action squads, -M deployed squadristi (paramilitary of the PNF led by ras) to, -M renounced atheism to appeal to Catholic Church, -Opera Nazionale Dopolavoro (OND): recreational club for adults. In Russia, for example, Putin devolved pandemic decisionmaking to regional officials more accustomed to executing his orders than responding to local citizens concerns. An authoritarian regime focuses on the maintenance of order at the expense of personal freedom. I dont see them either. In Tanzania, which has not published nationwide figures relating to the coronavirus since May 8, President John Magufuli insisted that the country had defeated the virus through prayer. What distinguished Italian Fascism from Nazisms biological view of race? Totalitarianism | Definition, Characteristics, Examples, & Facts Emergence of a German Authoritarian State - Matteo Aprile IB History The Hitler Youth in Germany, for example, had much in common with Mussolini's youth associations. To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. 99-100 - What was the 'Special Period' and why did it result from this? Inflation was threatening the living standards of all Cubans, rising to 40% a year for foodstuffs whilst pay levels stagnated. -Must give jobs to men 1779 Massachusetts Avenue NW Authoritarian States - LARSON'S IB HISTORY They would call their empire the "Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere". Currently, a CBI letter dated 11 April 2023 in possession of The Sunday Guardian, shows that the Bureau has called for the production of several documents from various entities on 17 April 2023 with regard to the scheme for the period between 2016 to 2019. Crises states are induced by: War, including the aftermath of war. Power is concentrated in the hands of a single leader or a . Mao - Vocab - Google Docs 1 E TNOPOLTKA ARATIRMALARI DERGS f2 ETNOPOLTKA ARATIRMALARI DERGS Alt aylk yaygn sreli uluslararas dergi mtiyaz Sahibi: Gler Kalay Genel Yayn Ynetmeni/Editr: Gler Kalay Yayn Kurulu: Prof. Havva KK ARSLAN, skdar niversitesi, Trkiye Prof. Babak REZVANI, Amsterdam niversitesi . Unsurprisingly, the economic conditions in a nation have long played an integral role in the emergence of authoritarian states, with such an idea perfectly illustrated through the establishment of Benito Mussolini's fascist authoritarian state . His military leaders used chemical weapons, forced starvation, concentration camps, and mass resettlement of African Libyans to make space for Italian settlers. (May 2009. The Fascists, led by Mussolini, formed a street-fighting group called the Blackshirts to support the landowners. This fascination with some of the darkest aspects of our shared past has meant that there is a huge wealth of material written about . These questions will help you get a better understanding of the concepts and arguments that are presented in the article. This created famine conditions. Dams, Diversions, and Development: Slow Resistance and Authoritarian - DAMAGEdamages relationship with France and Britain For the first time, women were working outside the home in large numbers, and the new constitution gave women the right to vote. Alternatively, some regimes also must grapple with the demands of influential societal sectors, even at the expense of delaying the governments response to the pandemic. (May 2006), Analyse thenature and extent of internal opposition and the methods used to deal with this opposition by Stalin, Evaluate the contribution to the rise to power of Hitler of each of the following: National Socialist ideology; the use of force; economic crises. The purge created an environment of intense political terror. They did not use race. How the state emerged and how power was established - economic, social and political factors; use of propaganda, force,. It cannot be that two million Germans should have fallen in vain, Adolf Hitler later wrote. The conditions in which authoritarian states emerged were mainly determined by economic factors." Discuss with reference to two authoritarian states. - Explain the repeated waves of escape and the establishment of Little Havana in Florida, 98-9 - Outline the use of coercion by Castro as a form of social control. 2023 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. And Chinese leaders are working to dilute the liberal norms and erode human rights protections that are . Do you see any of them flying around? He had plans to expand into the Balkans and acquire Albania as a territory. Democratic Authoritarianism: Origins and Effects | Annual Review of Adolf Hitler had been undisputed leader of the National Socialist German Workers Partyknown as Nazissince 1921. China respects the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of all countries and upholds the purposes and principles of the United Nations charter, she said, describing the countrys stance on Ukraine as objective and fair. 3. economic factors'. The pandemic has provided a trigger or opportunity for numerous nondemocratic or illiberal governments to impose new restrictions on civil liberties, persecute opponents, limit protests, delay elections, and introduce new mass surveillance techniques. By the end of the second close read, you should be able to answer the following questions: Finally, here are some questions that will help you focus on why this article matters and how it connects to other content youve studied. 94-5 - What economic problems did Cuba face? His research focuses on modern Europe with an emphasis on Germany and Britain from 1789 to 1918. The projection of national power overseas resonated with many Italians. - Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system Its important that when it comes to China, the EU speaks with one voice If we dont do that, theyll have us for lunch, they said. France and the three Baltic states of Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia were among the member states on Monday to summon Chinas envoys to account for the comments made late last week by Lu Shaye, which sparked a wave of outrage across Europe. Keep in mind that when you read the article, it is a good idea to write down any vocab you see in the article that is unfamiliar to you. By censuring Li instead of acting on his alerts, local authorities may have facilitated the coronaviruss unchecked spread; consequently, Lis death from the virus in early February sparked an outpouring of anger and grief on Chinese social media. Emergence of authoritarian states Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system Methods used to establish authoritarian states: persuasion and coercion; the role of leaders; ideology; the Aims and results of policies: social, economic, political, cultural. The de-regulation of financial capital threatens to bring us back to capitalist authoritarianism that flourished in the 1920s and 1930s. Why do you think so many people in Italy, Germany, Japan, and the Soviet Union embraced fascist or authoritarian ideologies and actions, even those that were violent and repressive. Adolf Hitler was not elected to office and he did not have to seize power. The Rise of Democratic and Authoritarian POST - States: the Case of Much like Hitler and Mussolini, Stalin used violence and propaganda to maintain order and power. Many Germans felt a new hope and confidence in the future of their country with the prospect of a bold, young charismatic leader. In late December 2019, for instance, Chinese authorities silenced and reprimanded Li Wenliang, a Wuhan Central Hospital doctor who warned of the initial outbreak. PPTX What is an Authoritarian State? - Weebly Both emerged as democratic post-colonial states. Discuss (a) the ideology of, and (b) . (Nov 2006), Analyse the methods used and the conditions which helped in the rise to power ofoneruler of a single-party state. Asked if China stood behind the envoys remarks, the foreign ministrys spokesperson Mao Ning said China had been one of the first countries to establish diplomatic relations with former Soviet states. Emergence of authoritarian states Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system. Paris, 1900. The EUs top diplomat, Josep Borrell, said the bloc would reassess and recalibrate our strategy towards China, adding that foreign ministers would discuss Lus statements as part of planned EU talks on China on Monday. Try as they will to distort reality and spin fables, the many nondemocratic leaders and regimes that have stumbled in tackling the pandemic now face citizens with powerful new grounds for grievance and distrust. Lu has previously acknowledged being part of the wolf warrior class of Chinese diplomats, a nickname given to envoys who respond vehemently to critics they perceive as hostile to China. The Fascist party wanted to crush the existing 'liberal' rulers, but Mussolini allowed many officials to continue working for the state. This topic focuses on exploring the conditions that facilitated the rise of authoritarian states in the 20th century, as well as the methods used by parties and leaders to take and maintain power. 100-01 - What economic policies did the Government introduce to deal with the issues that Cuba faced? The French president caused anger and alarm when he said Europe needed to avoid getting drawn into a US-China conflict over crises that are not ours, namely the status of Taiwan. It did this by creating states with limited capacity to provide services and police their own territories. Fascism is a political ideology that emphasizes the importance of the nation-state, while Nazism is a specific form of fascism that is based on the belief in racial superiority. Paper 2 - DR. SIELINSKI - IB HISTORY Cameroons President Paul Biya vanished in March for over two months, while in Nicaragua, President Daniel Ortega has ducked from public view for extended periods twice, including once for more than a month. Authoritarian States - Humanities Website Today's China is not yesterday's Soviet Union. In someincluding Algeria, Armenia, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, and Sudanprotests have driven leaders out of power. -Lateran Treaty: gov recognized papal sovereignty over vatican ( became independent state) POPE recognized italian state She has taught at Sonoma State University and Stanford. Use of legal methods; use of force; charismatic leadership; dissemination of propaganda, - ABYSSINIA: Italy decides to invade Abyssinia (won and took steps towards rebuilding roman empire) Early success in the Po Valley. Some have, in fact, exhibited valuable decisiveness and clarity when confronted with the coronavirus. -Frequent changes of chancellor. More than fifty million people from around the world visited the Universal Expositiona worlds fair intended to promote greater understanding and tolerance among nations, and to celebrate the new century, new inventions, exciting progress. Infighting among elites also has emerged: when the mayor of Moscow took initiative in response to the virus and ordered people to stay home, users on Telegraman app that permits citizens to share information and anonymously criticize each otherlambasted him. Five years later they conquered Inner Mongolia as well, and a year later pushed into northern China. Public domain. of three authoritarian states should be studied. However, their solution was "Italianization." Finally, issues with political legitimacy have also hurt some authoritarians pandemic policies. Washington, DC 20036-2103. He used authoritarian tactics to solidify communist control of the Soviet Union. Four key weaknesses are manifest. Within Italy, Mussolini promoted the ideas of. Organized into collective action by the state, young people supplied political energy to Fascism in Italy and elsewhere. Totalitarianism, authoritarianism, and fascism are all forms of government characterized by a strong central rule that attempts to control and direct all aspects of individual life through coercion and repression. This unique book weaves together literary works, . Authoritarian regimes are systems of government that have no established mechanism for the transfer of executive power and do not afford their citizens civil liberties or political rights. We engage geography's longstanding debate on what "counts" as resistance by introducing slow resistance to account for temporal-political strategies against unjust developments, particularly under authoritarian conditions. Compare and contrast the methods used to maintain power in two authoritarian states, each from a different region. 'Hitler and his party would never have come to power without the severe economic and political crisis that engulfed Germany from 1929 onwards' - Overy. Russia has lost its soft power: how war in Ukraine destabilises old Soviet allies, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, 2023 Guardian News & Media Limited or its affiliated companies. With a lack of guidance from the top, disorder among the governors ensued, as some officials adopted measures the Kremlin criticized as excessive and others took measures that were deemed insufficient.
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