Tit. Vote requirement for passage: Majority (Const. What is a common way for interest groups, corporations, and political parties to aid a candidate while IV, 1(4) and ORS 250.045). No statute found; used Term Limits Referendum (Nov. 1996) as a reference. Types allowed: Direct citizen initiative for statutes and amendments and popular referendum, Single subject rule: Yes (C.R.S.A. ), Payment on a per-signature basis prohibited. Art. When a change is proposed to the State or Commonwealth Constitution, a referendum is held to gauge the opinion of electors about the proposed change. Amend. Types allowed: Indirect citizen initiative for statutes and amendments and popular referendum. Timeline for taking effect: For indirect initiatives, 60 days after the adjournment of the legislative session that passed it. This was held to be constitutional. 22-24-416, First statewide election held more than 180 days after adjournment of the legislative session. Nine states require filing an initial number of signatures of sponsors as part of an application to circulate a popular referendum petition. Proponent financial disclosure requirements: Include but are not limited to filing with the secretary of state, written disclaimers when publicizing, limits on contributions, detailed contribution reports, unexpended campaign contributions, and rules promulgated by secretary of state (C.R.S.A. Acts making appropriations for state institutions or to meet deficiencies in state funds, Laws necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health or safety, and laws making appropriations for the current expenses of the state government, for the maintenance of state institutions and for the support of public schools. 48, Pt. II, 1(d) and RCW 29A.72.030, Next succeeding general election, unless the legislature orders a special election, Const. 3, 5). Number of signatures required: 4% of the votes cast for the office of governor at the last election (Const. North Dakota: The secretary of state reviews and if the office deems it insufficient, the committee of petitioners has 20 days to correct it. 116.160; 116.180; 115.245; 116.210; 116.220. In Nevada, a constitutional amendment needs only a majority but must be approved in two consecutive elections (N.R.S. d. affirmative action. Conflicting measures: Measure receiving most affirmative votes prevails, even if it did not receive the greatest majority of affirmative votes (V.A.M.S. Geographic distribution: Not more than one-fourth the of signatures shall be from one county (Const. II, 1(d) and RCW 29A.72.030 and .160). c. develop the issues on which the candidate will focus. Art. 1953 20A-7-202; 20A-7-205.5). The referendum may be obligatory or optional. 23-17-49). St. 32-628), Circulator oaths or affidavits: Yes (Neb. 3, 3; NDCC, 16.1-01-09), Collected in-person: Yes (NDCC, 16.1-01-09). The Legislative Counsel Bureau distributes items to legislators, public libraries, newspapers and broadcasters (N.R.S. 8). 1-40-134). And within 30 days of the close of the first complete fiscal year after the effective date of an initiated measure approved by the voters, the agencies, institutions, or departments that provided the estimates of the fiscal impact of the measure to the legislative management under this section shall submit a report to the legislative council on the actual fiscal impact (NDCC Const. Direct democracy takes many forms. Therefore the Commonwealth Parliament could now make laws concerning the Aboriginal people as it had become a Concurrent power. a. at the very beginning 3, 2; NDCC, 16.1-01-17). Const. Where to file with: Attorney general (O.R.C. Art. Then, select a topic from the column at the left for comprehensive information or select a state in the map for state-specific information. What is on each petition: Form is approved by secretary of state and attorney general and following rules established by secretary of state. 295.009). Reports are monthly during election years and annually in nonelection years. 3, 5; NDCC, 16.1-01-09. Statements of contributions and expenditures must be filed on January 10, seven days before political party conventions, seven days before the primary, three days before public hearings, on September 30, and seven days before the general election (Utah Code 20A-11-802). Submission deadline for signatures: Within 90 days following the final adjournment of the legislative session at which the law was enacted (Const. V, 3 and OK Stat. Art. Must include full text of the measure, a ballot title and a popular name (A.C.A. Denial of certification shall be subject to judicial review (Const. The committee must report on Jan. 15 of an election year all expenditures in excess of $1,000 or cumulative expenditures to one recipient in excess of $1,000 in the previous calendar year. These serve as the petition title (MCA 13-27-312). c. It gave redistricting authority to a nonpartisan committee. V, 1(4)(a)). Art. If a petition is insufficient, a period of 20 days is allowed for correction. Territory voters are only counted in the national majority. Submission deadline of signatures: Must address written petition to the legislature and signatures must be filed with the secretary of state by the 50th day of the first regular session or by the 25th day of the second regular session. Withdrawal process of individual signature: Signature may be withdrawn not later than 5 p.m. on the date the petition containing the person's signature is filed by signing a statement of intent to withdraw at the secretary of state's office, mailing a signed, notarized statement of intent to the secretary of state or drawing a line through the signature and printed name (ARS 19-113). 1-40-116). 168.22e; 168.476; 168.477; 168.480). Paid per signature: The 2017 ban on paying circulators per signature was overturned in May 2022. Vote requirement for passage: Majority, but no such law shall be held to be disapproved if the negative vote is less than thirty per cent of the total number of ballots cast at such state election (Const. This database contains state legislation related to the administration of elections introduced in 2011 through this year. Contributions of $1,000 or more must be reported within 48 hours after receipt. Any contribution of $500 or more in last 13 days to be reported within 24 hours. 3, 17(3)). Art. Secretary drafts a summary of 100 words or less, approved by attorney general (Mo.Rev.Stat. Records must be kept of contributions and expenditures. Between 90 and 110 %, every signature is verified (C.R.S.A. Time period restrictions before placed on the ballot: Submission deadline three months and three weeks prior to election (C.R.S.A. 7-9-107). 130.110; 130.120; 130.029; 130.046; 130.041). Subject restrictions: Such laws as may be necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health, safety or support of the state government and its existing public institutions are not subject to referendum (Const. Ballot title and summary: Attorney general (RCW 29A. Contributions in excess of $1,000 from a single contributor received during the 21 days prior to the election must be reported (RCW 42.17A.265). CONST. Other subject restrictions: May only amend structural and procedural subjects contained in Article IV (ILCS Const. Art. When a citizen turns eighteen, the state automatically registers most of them using drivers license and state ID information. Nebraska: The revisor of statutes reviews and recommends revisions with respect to form and draftsmanship. Art. Petitions must be submitted no later than 5 p.m. 90 days after the final adjournment of the legislative session. Application process information: Application form will be prescribed by the secretary of state. 3519.01). 2, 3), Who creates petitions: Secretary of state (M.G.L.A. Allowed to pay another for their signature: Prohibited (NRS 32-630 and -1404). How is technology used as a strategy for affecting votes? Note on Mississippi : Mississippi has an initiated constitutional amendment process, including a signature distribution requirement based on five congressional districts. 23-17-9), Time period restrictions before placed on the ballot: Ninety days before the first day of the legislative session and the first five measures make it on the ballot (Miss. Collected in-person: Yes, In-person (21-A MRS 902). Withdrawal process of individual signature: None, "An elector's name may not be removed by the elector from a petition that has been submitted to and received by the secretary of state" (NDCC 16.1-01-09(5)). Submission deadline of signatures: Four months prior to the general election (OR CONST Art. Petition title and summary creation: Attorney general drafts ballot titles and certifies statements (O.R.S. Art. Which election is a measure on: The next general election after signature petitions filed, a legislative session has convened and adjourned, and 120 days after the legislative session adjournment (W.S.1977 22-24-319). Application process information: No fees or application, Where to file with: Secretary of state (M.C.L.A. States such as Alaska (AS 15.45.150); Idaho (I.C. a. prospective voting. Art. If you desire to vote against the retention of the act, mark X in the square opposite the words 'FOR REJECTION OF THE ACT. Art. Evaluations done by lieutenant governor and Office of Legislative Research and General Counsel (U.C.A. A statewide special election may be called for amendments. Vote requirement for passage: Majority (Const. The filing of a referendum petition against any item, section, or part of any measure shall not prevent the remainder of such measure from becoming operative. Allowed to pay another for their signature: Prohibited (21-A MRS 904-B). From 15 different counties, with each countys petition having signatures of at least half of the designated percentage of electors of the county. a. two Circulator requirements: Must be an elector (Const. Does the law in question take effect before the referendum vote: No. Art. And must be filed four months before election. 19-121). For direct initiatives, signatures must be submitted by Feb. 15 immediately before the next general election. Must report name and address of donors of $50 or more. 16-906, 16-926), Petition title and summary creation: Proponents, description not to be more than 200 words (A.R.S. 168.32). St. 32-630 and -1404), Nevada (N.R.S. For constitutional amendments, generally take effect upon passage. Vote requirement for passage: Majority (Const. Art. Constitution Alteration (Aboriginals) Act 1967 (Cwlth). XVI, 3). Rev. Art. Circulator oaths or affidavit required: Yes. The secretary assigns an official serial number to the petition and assigns numbers to petitions in numerical sequence (ARS 19-111). These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'referendum.' Proponents; a simple statement of the gist of the measure is included on the petition. St. 32-1414). Number of signatures required: 15% of the total ballots cast in the previous general election (Const. 106.191). Timeline for collecting signatures: Have 180 days (M.C.L.A. Art. Submission deadline for signatures: Within 90 days after the enactment date of the statute (Const. Ballot title and summary: The secretary of state and the attorney general also jointly make a more descriptive ballot question summary to be sent to voters. 19, 1 and NRS 295.045). Brexit is a portmanteau of the words British and exit that was coined to refer to the U.K.'s decision in a June 23, 2016, referendum to leave the European Union (EU). Learn a new word every day. NDCC 16.1-01-12(1)(j), 16.1-08.1-02, 16.1-08-03. One of three authorized people must submit a notice of withdrawal with the secretary of state. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/referendum, National Conference of State Legislatures - Initiative, Referendum and Recall, initiative, referendum, and recall - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Must also be verified on the back of signature sheets by the person who circulated those sheets by an affidavit along with the signature and title of the officer before whom the oath was made (34 Okl.St.Ann. Signature pages must include description of subject and purpose of petition, a fair and accurate summary or the full text, a statement to which each signer subscribes, spaces for signatures, spaces for signers' county and space for the required affidavit. Submission deadline of signatures: At least 30 days before Feb. 1 of the year of the general election that the measure is to be voted upon (F.S.A. Withdrawal of petition: The chief petitioners may withdraw at any time before submitting the total number of signatures for verification. Art. Number of signatures required: 6% of the qualified electors at the time of the last general election (IC 34-1805). Art. The Financial Impact Estimating Conference members of one person from the governors office, the coordinator of the Office of Economic and Demographic Research, one professional senate staffer and one professional house staffer (F.S.A. Number of signatures required: 10% of the total number of votes cast in the last general election; or 25% to suspend operation of the act until the election (Const. For constitutional amendments, generally take effect upon passage (Opinion of the Justices (1972) 287 N.E.2d 910, 362 Mass. Art. Art. II, 1b). Verification: Secretary of state verifies with help of county clerks. Restrictions included 120 days before election for amendments, and 160 days before an election and not less than 10 days before legislative session for statutes. What is on each petition: Petition must include full and correct title and text of the law (Const. 168.472). No later than six months after the adjournment of the legislature which passed the act. Vote requirement for passage: Majority (Const. III, 4). Where to file: Secretary of state (ARS 19-111). Art. XI, 6 and AS 15.45.440). No statute found; used IR 124 (Nov. 2012) as a reference, The ballot title must be worded so that those in favor of retaining the measure shall vote retain, and those opposing the measure shall vote repeal., The question printed on the ballot must be: Shall the statute (setting out its title) be approved?, The ballot for voting on a referred act should bear the following instructions at the top: Instructions to voters. Code Ann. Who creates petitions: The secretary of state prepares five camera-ready copies of the petition for the sponsors (NRS 32-1405). Const. Should this bill be: Approved. II, 1b and 1g; O.R.C. Code 102). 34-1803b). 100.371; 16.061). Majority to pass: Majority only, but the election must have at least 50 % voter turnout (OR CONST Art. president? Campaign statements must be filed by the 11th day before the election, the thirtieth day after the election, April 25 and July 25 every year, Oct. 25 in odd-numbered years. Stat. Reports are due 30 days before the election, one week before the election, 105 days after a special election and Feb. 15 for all contributions and expenditures not already reported (AS 15.13.110). Does the law in question take effect before the referendum vote: Non-emergency laws subject to referendum do not take effect until 30 days after voter approval. 3519.21). (OH Const. Verification: Random sampling of at least 5 % of signatures implemented by secretary of state. A committee must be formed upon the occurrence of any of the following in a calendar year: receiving $2,000 or more in contributions, , making independent expenditures totaling $1,000 or more or making contributions totaling $10,000 or more. 23-17-17; 23-17-19). 2, 9). Utah: The governor must decide that two measures are in conflict (U.C.A. Ninety days from the date marking the beginning circulation for collection, as set by the secretary of state after public posting and chance for protest, and a deadline of 90 days from the official set date from the secretary of state. If voters approve of the law, it takes effect as scheduled. Reports of State Question Communications are required if aggregate expenses for a communication made at least 15 days before the election equal to exceed $5,000. Unclear; it seems likely that the same statement drafted by the secretary of state and approved by the attorney general for the petition also appears on the ballot, but this is not specified. Timeline for taking effect: Thirty days after the Governor's proclamation of the results (Const. 34-1809), Time period restrictions before placed on the ballot: Must file by the May before the election the measure is to be voted on (I.C. When legislatures draw district lines made up largely of underrepresented minority groups, the practice is III 5). Art. 10% of the votes cast in last general election, 10% of the total number of votes cast in the last general election, or 25% to suspend operation of the act until the election, 2% of the residential population according to the last federal decennial census, 6% of the total votes cast for the office of governor in the last election, 5% of votes cast for governor in the last election, 4% of the votes cast for all candidates for governor at the last election, 5% of the total votes cast for governor at the last election, 8% of the active voters in the state on Jan. 1 following the last regular general election, Const. Which election is a measure on: Next state election (M.G.L.A. Code 23-17-60). Art. 48, Init., Pt. 5, 1). Which kind of direct democracy asks citizens to confirm or repeal a decision made by the government? Ballot title and summary: The Office of Legislative Research and General Counsel numbers the propositions and proposes a descriptive title summarizing the contents of the measure. A statewide special election may be called for amendments (M.C.L.A. 16.061). 7-9-114). Arguments for and against are prepared by committees with members appointed first by the secretary of state, the senate's presiding office, and the house's presiding officer. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. Repeal or change restrictions: No statute. Art. Cure period for insufficient signatures: If a petition is insufficient but has at least 75% of the required signatures in total and in each of at least 15 counties, secretary of state must permit at least 30 days to gather additional signatures (Const. 3, 19). 1, Part 2). Const. LXXXI, 4). Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Next succeeding election at which the question may be voted upon by the voters of the entire state. 14, 3). LXXXI, 4). Alaska: 1959Arizona: 1912Arkansas: 1920California: 1911Colorado: 1910Idaho: Constitutional provision adopted1912, laws specifying mechanics adopted 1933Maine: 1908Maryland: 1915Massachusetts: 1917Michigan: 1908Missouri: 1908Montana: 1906Nebraska: 1912Nevada: 1904New Mexico: 1911North Dakota: 1914Ohio: 1912Oklahoma: 1907Oregon: 1902South Dakota: 1898Utah: 1900Washington 1912Wyoming: 1968, Four states have no restrictions on what sorts of laws can be subjected to the popular referendum: Arkansas, Idaho, Maine and North Dakota. Art. Reports of contributions and expenditures are due on the 21st and seventh days immediately preceding an election and the 10th day of the first full month after an election. Proponent organization and requirements: Original filing includes the names and street addresses of every person, corporation or association sponsoring the petition (NRS 32-1405). 30. Who is the incumbent? For constitutional amendment initiatives, 4 % of the resident population (NDCC Const. II, 1(b) and RCW 29A.72.010. Code Ann. Then within 15 days the attorney general provides certificate of review. Verification: If more than 500 names have been signed on the petition sections filed with an election official, random sampling is used to determine the number of valid voters who have signed (Elec. Reports of contributions and expenditures are due by the 15th of every April and October. 5, 6; 34 Okl.St.Ann. Secretary of state must establish by rule and collect filing fees (RCW 43.07.120). Vote requirement for passage: Majority (Const. Repeal or change restrictions: Amend or repeal must be approved by voters, unless the original measure permits amendment or repeal without voter approval (Cal.Const. Art. Proponent financial disclosure requirements: Include but may not be limited to being considered political action committees, following regulations for political advertising, and the filing of contribution and expenditure reports (W.S.1977 22-1-102; 22-24-201; 22-24-306). c. donations to a challenger. b. increases partisan divisions in government.