Commissioners argue that there is evidence that Black candidates can still win elections. A country. It forms its own sovereign nation-state predominately made up of the Irish ethnic group. Elbridge Gerry of Massachusetts, whose administration enacted a law in 1812 defining new state senatorial districts. Throughout the nineteenth-century in Europe, states used what to achieve various goals? government based on the principle that the people are the ultimate soverign and have the final say over what happens within the state. These results are automatically generated from Google. Information from February's bank statement and company records reveals the following additional information: a. 6. In political geography, a country's or more local community's sense of propertyand attachment toward its territory, as expressed by its determination to keep it inviolable and strongly defended. Rules about equal population and minority voting rights have federal backing (though states may add additional constraints). For the current year, Patton Consulting Group acquired long-term available-for-sale securities at a $35,000 cost. A nation that does not have a state. A state that completely surrounds another state. The commission also is tasked with considering representation of minority communities and following the Voting Rights Act. c. Consolidated stockholders equity is reduced by $378,000. Sovereignty is the internationally recognized exercise of a country's power over its people and territory. \text{Disbursements} & \underline{(12,600)} & \text{ }\\ How can the winner of the popular vote lose the presidency? Given that minority voters were the most reliably Democratic voters, that made all of the neighboring districts more Republican. Legal systems based on traditional Islamic laws. Majority-minority districts in Milwaukee account for five of the seven Black Assembly members, two of the four Hispanic Assembly members, and two of the three Black senators currently serving in the Legislature. Depending on the ideological composition of the Court and the interactions between citizens and states, the Supreme Court sometimes interprets the Constitution in ways that restrict minority rights, while at other times protecting minority rights. 253_{6} \\ \text{ } & \text{ } & \text{ } & \underline{\underline{\$ 12,600}}\\ What we have done is taken those areas and divided them into multiple districts so that theres actually more districts where minority voters will be able to elect their candidates of choice, which should actually have the effect of increasing the representation among the African American community, Szetela said. Summary: The Best AP Human Geography Review Guide. The Kurds are one of the largest stateless nations, with over 20 million people dispersed throughout six countries: Syria, Iraq, Turkey, Iran, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, Random House, Inc. 2023, / mdr ti mnr ti, mdr ti mnr ti, ma-, /. ~Incorporates higher levels of education, higher salaries, and more technology. Political Geography. What effects, if any, do majority-minority districts have on the voters in that district? Rebecca Szetela is a lawyer who describes herself as an independent, and a white woman who chairs Michigans new Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission. Human/environmental interactions. A group of people who think of themselves as one based on a sense of shared culture and history, and who seek some degree of political-territorial independence. Examples: Sub-Saharan Africa, Iraq, Honduras, ~Places where core and periphery processes are both occurring. . UN-World Politics DETROIT (AP) Adam Hollier is a lieutenant in the Army Reserves, a paratrooper, Detroit native, a Democrat and a Black man. Q. Students cultivate their understanding of human geography through data and geographic analyses as they explore topics like patterns and spatial organization, human impacts and interactions with their environment, and spatial processes and societal changes. \end{array} Redlining--the practice of denying borrowers access to credit based on the location of properties in minority or economically disadvantaged neighborhoods . All Rights Reserved. newsletter for analysis you wont find anywhereelse. A sample of size 61 results in a sample mean of 75 and a standard deviation of 1.51.51.5. d) Based on the confidence interval, at =0.05can\alpha=0.05 \mathrm{can}=0.05can you reject H0\mathrm{H}_0H0 ? Oscar's sells carpet each day but makes bank deposits only once per week. On November I, 2018, Ybarra Construction Company issued $200,000 of 5-year bonds that pay interest at an annual rate of 5%. AP human geography chapter 8 multiple choice. For Holliers 2nd Senate District, that means some of its Detroit neighborhoods would be grafted on to mostly white districts, and his own seat would stretch across Eight Mile Road, the infamous boundary between Detroit and its first-ring, majority white suburbs. And a lot of the seats Democrats hold are majority-minority seats, which are of course safe. The steps (criteria) for establishing boundaries: 1. The ending cash balance recorded in the bank statement is $13,145. Imagine the minority-favored candidate can win an election in a district if at least 30 percent of voters are minorities. 160914065: malapportionment: The creation of congressional districts in a state which are of unequal size. The term is often used in voting rights law to designate voting districts which are altered under the Voting Rights Act to enable ethnic or language minorities "the opportunity to elect their candidate of choice." . representation of a real-world phenomenon at a certain level of reduction or generalization. The effect was to pack Democrats into just a few districts and leave other parts of the state more safely Republican. d. An investment balance of$358,000 is eliminated for consolidation purposes. Assume that you are testing the hypotheses H0:=80\mathrm{H}_0: \mu=80H0:=80 vs. HA:80\mathrm{H}_{\mathrm{A}}: \mu \neq 80HA:=80. ~Mercantilism the segregation of blacks in South Aftrica from 1948-1994, the term used when referring to the fragmentation or breakup of a region or country into smaller regions or countries, an economic union in Western Europe that compromises three neighboring countries: Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg, there are two types: exclusionary, meant for keeping people out, and inclusionary, meant to facilitate trade and movement, conflicts of the location, size, and extent of borders between nations; states arguing over their boundaries and how they function; (WITH THE NEXT FOUR CARDS), focus on the legal language of the boundary agreement, focus on the delimitation and possibly demarcation of the boundary, focus on neighbors who differ over the way their border should function, focus on boundaries (especially on the sea floor) while in search of resources, boundaries often originated from old tribal lands and lands won in war; were meant to establish claims to land and were often small historically; (WITH THE NEXT FOUR CARDS), boundaries that were defined and determined before the present day human landscape was developed, boundaries that evolved as the cultural landscape of an area took shape, boundaries that are forcibly drawn across a unified cultural landscape, boundaries that have ceased to function, but whose imprints are still evident on the cultural landscape, the process that is needed to create a boundary; (WITH THE NEXT THREE CARDS), a legal document or treaty drawn up to specify actual points in the landscape. In the context of political power, the capacity of a state to influence other states or achieve its goals through diplomatic, economic, and militaristic means. What factors need to be considered to draw and effective majority-minority district? The attempt by an individual or group to affect, influence, or control people, phenomena, and relationships, by delimiting and asserting control over a geographic area. How can we tell the direction of the test by looking at a pair of hypotheses? judge timothy kenny political affiliation. (a country) Prepare the necessary year-end adjusting entry related to these securities. A state that requires a key to get into. Proponents of majority-minority districts argue that these districts are a necessary hindrance to the practice of cracking, which occurs when a constituency is divided between several districts in order to prevent it from achieving a majority in any one district. Thornburg v. Gingles, a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1986, established a three-part test for proving whether vote dilution in violation of the Voting Rights Act has occurred in a district or districts. Which of the following describe continuous random variables? Kim Soffen, writing for The Washington Post in June 2016, summarized this argument as follows:[17], Critics argue that, because minority groups tend to vote Democratic, majority-minority districts ultimately present an unfair advantage to Republicans by consolidating Democratic votes into a smaller number of districts. Bi-polar (Cold War era 1945-1990) Do minority legislators accomplish things that others could not have, or change the terms of debate in ways sympathetic majority representatives could not have? Illinois' 4th District (2013-2023), for example, was mandated by a Federal court to be redrawn as a majority-minority district. Examples: France and Spain Legally, a term encompassing all the citizens of a state. The federal government requires that districts must have nearly equal populations . If we draw the districts like this, Blue holds a majority in all five districts. processes that incorporate higher levels of education, higher salaries, and more technology; generate more wealth than periphery processes in the world economy. The bottom line is that it does not create a true representation of the real voting patterns of the American public. Its just the reality. What is the relationship between descriptive and substantive representation? Nonetheless, in commpn parlance, nation-state is used as a synonym for country or state. Some courts have decided to use a "bright line" of 50%. Majority-minority districts may be created to avoid or remedy violations of the Voting Rights Act of 1965's prohibitions on drawing redistricting plans that diminish the ability of a racial or language minority to elect its candidates of choice. Movement. (ii) 6%? Redistricting is carried out every 10 years based on the population totals reported by the US Census. The American Civil Liberties Union, in a 2001 report, made this argument:[2][3][4][16], Critics contend that the establishment of majority-minority districts can result in packing, which occurs when a constituency or voting group is placed within a single district, thereby minimizing its influence in other districts. AP Human Geography is widely recommended as an introductory-level AP course. Majority-minority districts have been the subject of legal cases examining the constitutionality of such districts, including Shaw v. Reno (1993), Miller v. Johnson (1995), and Bush v. Vera (1996). Now, let's draw a map that helps the Red party. The 1982 Amendments to the VRA specifically named outcomes as a focus of evaluation (?). Are racially drawn districts constitutionally permissible? Why did legislatures actively begin to try to create Majority-Minority districts? ", "The minority must be able to demonstrate that the white majority votes sufficiently as a bloc to enable it usually to defeat the minoritys preferred candidate. In the context of determining representative districts, the process by which a majority of the population is from the minority. Choose one of the following three options to assist in the process of learning the vocabulary: 1. majority minority districts definition ap human geography gemini and scorpio parents gabi wilson net worth 2021 . 2536+5146. ~Assumed a state resembled the life cycle of an organism. That kind of comment might not go over so well in a majority-minority league. Draw maps that majority-Black communities can win.. A nation that stretches across borders and across states. Deposits:Cashreceipts:BalanceonFebruary1ReceiptsDisbursementsBalanceonFebruary28Date2/42/112/182/25$6,80013,900(12,600)$8,100Amount$2,7002,3003,2004,1001,600$13,900ChecksNo.321322323324325326327Date2/22/82/122/192/272/282/28Amount$4,7004002,5002,2002007001,900$12,600. (1500's-1700's) If you don't, then you clearly did not read the first sentence. ~Spatial conflicts. What does Majority-Minority Politics Look Like. Using data provided in the United States Census Bureau's 2021 American Community Survey and based on districts enacted after the 2010 census, the United States was home to 138 congressional majority-minority districts. (After 2023, it will take another, completely different, shape.) These districts are drawn so that the majority of their voters are minorities. f. An automatic withdrawal for Oscar's February rent was made on February 4 for $1,100. ", "The minority group must be able to show that it is politically cohesive. Download PDF. Example: US and Mexican border, Disputes over natural resources that run across borders. Need help reviewing for AP HUG?! I got a 100/100 on this set. ~Britain Explain your answer. Delimit: Draw the boundary on a map majority minority districts definition ap human geography Isgho Votre ducation notre priorit \text{ } & \text{ } & \underline{\underline{\$13,900}}\\ But if you split the district through the black population, now you could have two districts with a majority of white conservative voters and minority black liberal voters. A territory whose geographical boundaries lie entirely within the boundaries of another territory. ~Ethnocultural conflicts Cash receipts of$1,600 from 2/ 26-2/ 28 are outstanding. Steven Hill, writing for The Atlantic in June 2013, made the following argument:[2][3][4]. Are racially drawn district morally defensible - are they inherently good, bad, or neither? Most nations and states aspire to this form, but it is realized almost nowhere. having or relating to a system of government in which several states form a unity but remain independent in internal affairs Geometric boundary A geometric boundary, or geometric border, is one that is formed by arcs or straight lines irrespective of the physical and cultural features of the land it passes through. For the districts themselves? a nation-state that has a centralized government and administration that exercises power equally over all parts of the state, a political territorial system wherein a central government represents the various entitie within a nation-state where they have common intrests- defense, foregin affirs, and the like- yet allows these various entities to retain their own identities and to have their own laws, policies, and customs in certain spheres, the process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength and growing autonomy at the expense of the central government, system wherein each representative is elected form a district, process by which representative districts are switched according to population shifts, so that each district encompasses approximately the same number of people, In the context of determining representative districts, the process by which the majority and minority populations are spread evenly across each of the districts to be created therein ensuring control by the majority of each of the districts; as opposed to the result of majority-minority districts, in the context of determaning representative districts, the proccess by which a majority of the population is from the minority, redistricting for advantage, or the practice of dividing areas into electoral districts to give one political party an electoral majority in a large number of districts while concentrating the voting strength of the opposition in as few districst as possible. The "majority votes sufficiently as a bloc to enable itusually to defeat the minority's preferred candidate."
Does Starbucks Whipped Cream Have Eggs,
Travel Hockey Tryouts,
Florida Man September 25 1998,
What Is Jimmy Connors Doing Now,
Articles M