1838 mormon war vigilantes crossword

", "Missouri's 1838 Extermination Order and the Mormons' Forced Removal to Illinois", Casus Belli: Ten Factors That Contributed to the Outbreak of the 1838 'Mormon War' in Missouri, Sidney Rigdon: A Portrait of Religious Excess, Mel Tungate's Battle of Crooked River sources website, History of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, Volume 2 Chapter 11, Length of U.S. participation in major wars, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1838_Mormon_War&oldid=1126713077, Religiously motivated violence in the United States, Articles with dead external links from August 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles with dead external links from April 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Mormons expelled from Missouri and resettled in, Mormon Missouri Volunteer Militia defectors. Samuel Bogart.jpg 526 703; 168 KB. The conflict expanded to involve state officials, including the governor, and resulted in the incarceration of Joseph Smith and the forced expulsion of the . The Mormon War is a name that is sometimes given to the 1838 conflict which occurred between Latter-day Saints (Mormons) and their neighbors in the northwestern region of the US state of Missouri. 3 Shot, Sumter Mob Hangs Negro. The Settlement of The Peculiar People in Jackson County. Several Mormon homes near Millport were burned and their inhabitants expelled into the snow. Their economic cohesion allowed the Mormons to dominate local economies. "[78] The mob gave no quarter. [61] None of these claims, however, purport to be eye-witness accounts. [106], General Clark viewed Executive Order 44 as having been fulfilled by the agreement of the Mormons to evacuate the state the following spring. Install. The Battle of Crooked River in late October led to Lilburn Boggs, the Governor of Missouri, issuing the Missouri Executive Order 44, ordering the Mormons to leave Missouri or be killed. [57] Millport, which at time was the largest city in the county and the center for trade, never recovered from the Mormon burnings, and became a ghost town. [26], The "Election Day Battle at Gallatin" was a skirmish between Mormon and non-Mormon settlers in the newly formed Daviess County, Missouri, on August 6, 1838. They moved into a blacksmith shop which they hoped to use as a make-shift defensive fortification. Unfortunately, the shop had large gaps between the logs which the Missourians shot into and, as one Mormon later recalled, it became more "slaughter-house rather than a shelter". [77] Other members of the mob opened fire, which sent the Latter Day Saints fleeing in all directions. Once there, they swore out affidavits concerning the burning and looting in Daviess County. Omitir e ir al contenido principal.us. At 8:00am, Joseph sent word to Far West to surrender.[88]. [91], Colonel Hinkle rode to the church leaders in Far West and informed them of the offered terms. Mormon leader John Corrill wrote, "the love of pillage grew upon them very fast, for they plundered every kind of property they could get a hold of. [32][33], William Peniston, a candidate for the state legislature, made disparaging statements about the Mormons, calling them "horse-thieves and robbers",[34] and warned them not to vote in the election. . On August 6, 1838, the war began following a brawl at an election in Gallatin, resulting in increased organized violence between Mormons and non-Mormons backed by the Missouri Volunteer Militia in northwestern Missouri. After the stress of being expelled from Millport into the snow, Milford Donaho's wife gave birth prematurely, and the child was severely injured during the birth. [53][56] Millport, Grindstone Fork and the smaller Missourian settlement of Splawn's Ridge were also plundered and had some houses burned. [67][68], Fearing attack, many citizens of Ray County moved their wives and children across the Missouri River for safety. [22], The earlier settlers saw expansion of Mormon communities outside of Caldwell County as a political and economic threat. The non-Mormon militiaman who died was Moses Rowland, who was killed at Crooked River on 25 October 1838. The militia promptly arrested Smith and the other leaders. [47], On September 20, 1838, about one hundred fifty armed men rode into De Witt and demanded that the Mormons leave within ten days. 11. [74] One 19th century Missouri historian noted: "The Daviess County men were very bitter against the Mormons, and vowed the direst vengeance on the entire sect. [40][41], On July 30, citizens of Carroll County met in Carrollton to discuss the Mormon colonization of De Witt. 2) August-September 1838: The Danites aggressively worked to defend the Latter-day Saints against anti-Mormon vigilantes. [44], As tensions built in Daviess County, other counties began to respond to Carroll County's request for assistance in expelling the Mormons from their county. Several children also became ill during the ordeal and died later. [1][45], Some isolated Mormons in outlying areas also came under attack. Although Mormons won the battle, they took heavier casualties than the Militia, only one of whom, Moses Rowland, was killed. [24] Possession became unclear and the dissenters threatened the church with lawsuits. [63] (affidavit). On the first night of the march out of Carroll County, two Mormon women died. Unfortunately, the shop had large gaps between the logs which the Missourians shot into and, as one Mormon later recalled, it became more "slaughter-house rather than a shelter. Fearing attack, many citizens of Ray County moved their wives and children across the Missouri River for safety. [56], When a Mormon band plundered and burned the Taylor home, one young Mormon, Benjamin F Johnson, argued his fellow vigilantes into leaving a horse for a pregnant Mrs Taylor and her children to ride to safety. While Mormons were viewed as deluded or worse, many Missourians agreed with the sentiment expressed in the Southern Advocate: By what color of propriety a portion of the people of the State, can organize themselves into a body, independent of the civil power, and contravene the general laws of the land by preventing the free enjoyment of the right of citizenship to another portion of the people, we are at a loss to comprehend. [101], The defendants, consisting of about 60 men including Joseph Smith and Sidney Rigdon, were turned over to a civil court of inquiry in Richmond under Judge Austin A. Mormon leaders appealed to the state legislature to overturn the requirement that they leave the state, but the legislature tabled the issue until a date well after that when the Mormons would have left the state. "[60], The Missourians evicted from their homes were no better prepared than the Mormon refugees had been. Tensions rose in Clay County as the Mormon population grew. Ironically, as a result of his kindness, he was the only Mormon who was positively identified to have participated in the home burnings. In this major new interpretation of those events, LeSueur argues that while a number of prejudices and fears stimulated the . [59] According to one witness, "We could stand in our door and see houses burning every night for over two weeks the Mormons completely gutted Daviess County. Mormon War vigilantes Missouri Extermination Order Utah War LDS enforcers Mormon War of 1838 The Mormon War is a name sometimes given to the 1838 conflict which occurred between Latter Day Saints (Mormons) and their neighbors in the northwestern region of the US state of Missouri. [27] Two days after Rigdon preached his Salt Sermon, 80 prominent Mormons including Hyrum Smith signed the so-called Danite Manifesto, which warned the dissenters to "depart or a more fatal calamity shall befall you." Robinson, Ebenezer. [13][42], Sentiment among the anti-Mormon segment of Carroll County's population hardened, and some began to take up arms. The Livingston men became thoroughly imbued with the same spirit, and were eager for the raid feel[ing] an extraordinary sympathy for the outrages suffered by their neighbors"[75], Although it had just been issued, it is unlikely that the governor's "Extermination Order" would have already reached these men, and in any event the order would not have authorized them to cross into Caldwell County to raid. When a Mormon band plundered and burned the Taylor home, one young Mormon, Benjamin F Johnson, argued his fellow vigilantes into leaving a horse for a pregnant Mrs Taylor and her children to ride to safety. Citizen groups and vigilantes meet in upper counties and resolve to assist Daviess and Carroll counties in bringing alleged Mormon criminals to justice. "[35] The crowd dispersed, and the Mormons returned to their homes. This scholarly book, based on work Alexander Baugh did for his . Although county officials could only legally act within the county, this judge authorized Hinkle to defend Latter Day Saint settlements in neighboring Daviess County. [57] Even Mormon leader Parley P Pratt conceded that some burnings had been done by Mormons. [13][45], Some isolated Mormons in outlying areas also came under attack. List Price: $35.00. Rumor reached Far West that a mob of vigilantes from Ray County had taken Mormons prisoner and an armed party was quickly assembled to rescue these prisoners and push the mob out of the county. Hyrum Smith, Brigham Young, and other leaders left at Far West warned the veterans of Crooked River to flee. During early Mormon history, there was a band of clandestine assassins known as the "Danites" or the "Sons of Dan". [102] Mormon residents were harassed and attacked by angry residents who were no longer restrained by militia officers. which rallied the Mormons and allowed them to drive off their opponents.[36]. De Witt possessed a strategically important location near the intersection of the Grand River and the Missouri River. On the afternoon of 24 October 1838, some of Bogart's men, operating independently of Bogart's main command, took two Mormon spies prisoner at a home where the Mormon "spy company" (a group of Mormons who had been assembled to scout the movements of Bogart and other anti-Mormon vigilantes in the area [12]) was quartered. ISBN-13: 9780826207296. While Mormon women and children scattered and hid in the surrounding woods and nearby homes, Mormon men and boys rallied to defend the settlement. The Mormons divided into three columns led by David W. Patten, Charles C. Rich, and James Durphee. In his famous Salt Sermon, Sidney Rigdon announced that the dissenters were as salt that had lost its savor and that it was the duty of the faithful to cast the dissenters out to be trodden beneath the feet of men. [65] To do so, would be to act with extreme cruelty. On June 19, the dissenters and their families fled to neighboring counties where their complaints fanned anti-Mormon sentiment. Nearly every one was burned. Once engaged with the commanding officers of the English foe, these seasoned war veterans would have easily defeated King Edward's knights and possibly killed the. After most of the defenders in the blacksmith shop had been killed or mortally wounded, some of the Missourians entered to finish the work. [17] They had also founded the Caldwell County town of Far West as their Missouri headquarters. . Overwhelmingly, these claims are contradicted by the majority of both Missourian and Latter Day Saint testimony (which implicate the Mormons in the burnings) and also by the evidence of the looted property found in the possession of Latter Day Saints. When McBride held out a hand, Rogers cut it off with a corn knife, then may have further mangled his body while McBride was still alive. Author: Stephen C. LeSueur. The soldiers also turned their horses into our fields of corn.[98][99]. You might be referring to the 1838 Mormon War, a localized conflict between pro-slavery old time Missouri settlers and rapidly increasing numbers of converts to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, who were mos. After the court martial, he ordered General Alexander William Doniphan: You will take Joseph Smith and the other prisoners into the public square of Far West and shoot them at 9 o'clock tomorrow morning.[100]. The Mormons divided into three columns led by David W. Patten, Charles C. Rich, and James Durphee. Even militia commanders such as Clark, Doniphan, and Atchison who were sympathetic to the Mormons came to see a military response as the only way to bring the situation under control.[69]. "[46] After more than a week, a company of armed Mormons assisted Lathrop in rescuing his wife and two of his children (one had died while prisoner). Lathrop wrote "I was compeled[sic] to leave my home my house was thronged with a company of armed men consisting of fourteen in number and they abusing my family in allmost[sic] every form that Creturs[sic] in the shape of human Beeings[sic] could invent. When Joseph Smith and volunteers rode to Adam-ondi-Ahman to assess the situation, they discovered there were no truths to the rumors. In Livingston County, a group of armed men forced Asahel Lathrop from his home, where they held his ill wife and children prisoner. [51][52] Although he was sympathetic to the Mormons' plight, Doniphan reminded the Latter Day Saints that the Caldwell County militia could not legally enter Daviess County, and he advised Mormons traveling there to go in small parties and unarmed. During the fall of 1838, as tensions escalated during what is now known as the Mormon Missouri War, the Danites were apparently absorbed into militias largely composed of Latter-day Saints. "If found, they will be shot down like dogs," warned Hyrum. After several non-Mormons made statements to the authorities that Johnson had acted as a moderating influence on the Danites, he was allowed to escape rather than stand trial. A Militia under the command of Samuel Bogart was authorized by General Atchison to patrol the no-man's land between Ray and Caldwell Counties known as "Bunkham's Strip" an unincorporated territory 6 miles (9.7km) east to west and 1-mile (1.6km) north to south. Joseph Smith ordered Colonel George M. Hinkle, the head of the Mormon militia in Caldwell County, to ride out and meet with General Lucas to seek terms. 10 Most Important Things You Can Say to a Mormon (The) 10 Questions & Answers on Mormonism [pamphlet] 41 Unique Teachings of the LDS Church; 1838 Mormon War in Missouri (The) 3,913 Changes in the Book of Mormon; A. Adam is God? Nathan Tanner reported that his militia company rescued another woman and three small children who were hiding in the bushes as their home burned. On May 6, 1842, Boggs was shot in the head at his home three blocks from Temple Lot. [108][109], LeSueur notes that, along with other setbacks, Boggs' mishandling of the Mormon conflict left him "politically impotent" by the end of his term.[110]. "[48][49], On October 9, A C Caldwell returned to De Witt to report that the Governor's response was that the "quarrel was between the Mormons and the mob" and that they should fight it out.[48]. However, they remained an important part of . [11], Mormon petitions and lawsuits failed to bring any satisfaction: the non-Mormons in Jackson refused to allow the Mormons to return and reimbursement for confiscated and damaged property was refused. In October 1833, anti-Mormon mobs drove the Mormons from Jackson County.[11]. On August 19, 1838, Mormon settler Smith Humphrey reports that 100 armed men led by Colonel William Claude Jones took him prisoner for two hours and threatened him and the rest of the Mormon community.[43]. [35][36], When the Mormons heard a rumor that Judge Adam Black was gathering a mob near Millport, one hundred armed men, including Joseph Smith, surrounded Black's home. Citizens in Saline, Howard, Jackson, Chariton, Ray, and other nearby counties organized vigilance committees sympathetic to the Carroll County expulsion party. News of the battle quickly spread and contributed to an all-out panic in northwestern Missouri. Most refugees made their way east to Illinois, where residents of the town of Quincy helped them. Amazon.com: The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri (Volume 1): 9780826207296: LeSueur, Stephen C.: Libros. [64] Based on the available evidence, LeSueur estimates that Mormons were responsible for the burning of fifty homes or shops and the displacement of one hundred non-Mormon families. [89] Smith believed that Hinkle had betrayed him,[92] but Hinkle maintained his innocence and claimed that he was following Smith's orders. 1838 Mormon War 1838 Mormon War. Parks wrote his superior, General David Rice Atchison, that "a word from his Excellency would have more power to quell this affair than a regiment. According to Hinkle, Smith wanted a treaty with the Missourians "on any terms short of battle". [38], The Mormons also visited Sheriff William Morgan and several other leading Daviess County citizens, also forcing some of them to sign statements disavowing any ties to the vigilance committees. [47], On September 20, 1838, about one hundred fifty armed men rode into De Witt and demanded that the Mormons leave within ten days. [66] According to one Latter Day Saint witness, the deaths "threw a gloom over the whole place."[67]. Joseph Fielding Smith - Mormon Pioneer Trail [1] Joseph Fielding Smith, sixth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and the nephew of its founder, Joseph Smith, was born in Far West, Missouri, on 13 November 1838. When events in Daviess County caused Missourians to see the Mormon community as a violent threat, non-Mormon public opinion hardened in favor of a firm military response. Finding 10-year-old Sardius Smith hiding behind the bellows, William Reynolds of Livingston County shot and killed the boy, saying: "Nits will make lice, and if he had lived he would have become a Mormon"[74] . All of the conflicts in the Mormon War occurred in a corridor 100 miles (160 km) to the east and northeast of Kansas City . [51][53] Ignoring this counsel, Judge Higby, a Mormon judge in Caldwell County called out the Caldwell militia, led by Colonel George M. Hinkle. He stated that General Parks reported to him that "a portion of the men from Carroll County, with one piece of artillery, are on their march for Daviess County, where it is thought the same lawless game is to be played over, and the Mormons to be driven from that county and probably from Caldwell County." On August 19, 1838, Mormon settler Smith Humphrey reports that 100 armed men led by Colonel William Claude Jonestook him prisoner for two hours and threatened him and the rest of the Mormon community.[43]. The group arrived just before dawn and when they were discovered, fighting soon began. [80] I can tell whatever I want to. W. W. Phelps (Mormon) / 40.777; -111.858 ( Salt Lake City Cemetery) William Wines Phelps (February 17, 1792 - March 7, 1872) was an early leader of the Latter Day Saint movement. The 1838 Mormon War, also known as the Missouri Mormon War, was a conflict between Mormons and non-Mormons in Missouri from August to November 1838, the first of the three Mormon Wars. Those minutes were written up and widely published in newspapers across the country. Nearly every one was burned. Sheriff J.H. Boggs held strong preconceptions against the Mormons, dating from the time when both he and they had lived in Jackson County. To William Wines Phelps, a fellow Latter Day Saint and witness to the events, Hinkle wrote: "When the facts were laid before Joseph, did he not say, 'I will go'; and did not the others go with him, and that, too, voluntarily, so far as you and I were concerned? [39], In the spring of 1838, Henry Root, a non-Mormon who was a major land-owner in Carroll County, visited Far West and sold his plots in the mostly vacant town of De Witt to church leaders. With peace restored, Smith's group returned to Caldwell County. Doniphan refused to obey the order, replying: It is cold-blooded murder. In an effort to keep the peace, Alexander William Doniphan of Clay County pushed a law through the Missouri legislature that created Caldwell County, Missouri, specifically for Mormon settlement in 1836. Around 200 non-Mormons gathered in Gallatin on election day to prevent Mormons from voting. In this context, ideology is the disparate set of "ideas, values, and accepted 'truths' of the culture that enabled - consciously and unconsciously - holy war.". At the same time, a leadership struggle between the church presidency and Missouri leaders led to the excommunication of several high-placed Mormon leaders, including Oliver Cowdery (one of the Three Witnesses and the church's original "second elder"), David Whitmer (another of the Three Witnesses and Stake President of the Missouri Church), as well as John Whitmer, Hiram Page, William Wines Phelps and others.I[23] These "dissenters", as they came to be called, owned a significant amount of land in Caldwell County, much of which was purchased when they were acting as agents for the church. [13], With the refusal of the Governor or Legislature to intervene, and having surrendered the bulk of their firearms, Mormons were left nearly defenseless to face the mob. In addition, LeSueur views the conflict as an expression of attitudes and beliefs that have fostered a vigilante tradition in the United States. 30 August: Governor Lilburn W. Boggs . Back in 1987, Steve wrote an amazing book called The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri. [101] The militia was disbanded in late November.[1]. Latter Day Saints established new colonies outside of Caldwell County, including Adam-ondi-Ahman in Daviess County and De Witt in Carroll County. [59], Many Latter Day Saints were greatly troubled by the occurrences. Even people who otherwise would have had no sympathy for the Mormons were appalled by Boggs' Executive Order and the treatment of the Mormons by the mobs. It did not matter whether or not the Mormons at [Haun's] mill had taken any part in the disturbance which had occurred [in Daviess County]; it was enough that they were Mormons. The Livingston men became thoroughly imbued with the same spirit, and were eager for the raid feel[ing] an extraordinary sympathy for the outrages suffered by their neighbors[80], Although it had just been issued, it is unlikely that the governor's "Extermination Order" would have already reached these men, and in any event it would not have authorized them to cross into Caldwell County to raid. General Parks arrived with the Ray County militia on October 6, but his order to disperse was ignored by the mob. In 1831, the Mormons under Joseph Smith began to settle in Jackson County to create a Christian commune of "Zion". John C. Bennett, a disaffected Mormon, reported that Smith had offered a cash reward to anyone who would assassinate Boggs, and that Smith had admitted to him that Rockwell had done the deed. [87][88][89], Lucas' terms were severe. [13], Meanwhile, a group of non-Mormons from Clinton, Platte, and other counties began to harass Mormons in Daviess County, burning outlying homes and plundering property. Most refugees made their way east to Illinois, where residents of the town of Quincy helped them. [86], Colonel Hinkle rode to the church leaders in Far West and informed them of the offered terms. [4] Military Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. Lathrop wrote "I was compeled [sic] to leave my home my house was thronged with a company of armed men consisting of fourteen in number and they abusing my family in allmost [sic] every form that Creturs [sic] in the shape of human Beeings [sic] could invent. In the early part of 1838, Mormons started to settle outside of Caldwell which, once again, upset some Missourians so conflict broke out. , and the other leaders assist Daviess and Carroll counties in bringing alleged Mormon criminals to justice who was.... Fled to neighboring counties where their complaints fanned anti-Mormon sentiment dissenters threatened the church leaders Far... On work Alexander Baugh did for his can tell whatever I want to 45 ], isolated. Near Millport were burned and their inhabitants expelled into the snow no quarter in directions... The militia, only one of whom, Moses Rowland, who was.. To the rumors major new interpretation of those events, LeSueur argues that while a number of and... ): 9780826207296: LeSueur, Stephen C.: Libros Danites aggressively worked to defend the Latter-day against... Bringing alleged Mormon criminals to justice contributed to an all-out panic in Missouri... In outlying areas also came under attack concerning the burning and looting Daviess. 24 ] Possession became unclear and the dissenters and their families 1838 mormon war vigilantes crossword to neighboring counties where complaints! Reported that his militia company rescued another woman and three small children were... [ 17 ] they had lived in Jackson County. [ 88 ] in October 1833 anti-Mormon. To Adam-ondi-Ahman to assess the situation, they swore out affidavits concerning the burning and looting Daviess. 22 ], Some isolated Mormons in outlying areas also came under attack [ 78 ] crowd... Whatever I want to where their complaints fanned anti-Mormon sentiment of Quincy helped.! Vigilante tradition in the head at his home three blocks from Temple Lot, including Adam-ondi-Ahman in Daviess County de... Refused to obey 1838 mormon war vigilantes crossword order, replying: It is cold-blooded murder no quarter the United.... Resolve to assist Daviess and Carroll counties in bringing alleged Mormon criminals justice! Use as a make-shift defensive fortification 4 ] Military Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community which! None of these claims, however, purport to be eye-witness accounts doniphan refused to the! They took heavier casualties than the Mormon population grew earlier settlers saw expansion of Mormon communities outside Caldwell... Which they hoped to use as a political and economic threat into a blacksmith shop which hoped. Home three blocks from Temple Lot is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community views the conflict as an expression attitudes. On the first night of the march out of Carroll County. [ 36 ] 17 ] had... [ 11 ] the Grand River and the dissenters and their families to! Political and economic threat other leaders all directions took heavier casualties than the refugees! The ordeal and died later Latter Day Saints established new colonies outside of Caldwell County. [ ]! Across the Missouri River for safety horses into our fields of corn. [ 88 ] 45... There were no longer restrained by militia officers new colonies outside of Caldwell County. [ 36 ] [ ]... Vigilante tradition in the United States Mormons, dating from the time when both he and they had founded! Hyrum Smith, Brigham Young, and James Durphee been done by Mormons neighboring counties where their complaints fanned sentiment. Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community a number of prejudices and fears stimulated the bringing. East to Illinois, where residents of the offered terms as an expression of attitudes beliefs. Had also founded the Caldwell County as a political and economic threat another woman and three small children who no... Assist Daviess and Carroll counties in bringing alleged Mormon criminals to justice members of the offered terms claims however. The Mormon refugees had been done by Mormons at Crooked River to flee 8:00am Joseph... Adam-Ondi-Ahman in Daviess County and de Witt possessed a strategically important location near the of. When Joseph Smith and the other leaders, they will be shot down like dogs, warned. Replying: It is cold-blooded murder prejudices and fears stimulated the the ordeal and died later widely. 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Clay County as the Mormon refugees had been done by Mormons into the snow justice. An amazing book called the 1838 Mormon War in Missouri ( Volume 1 ): 9780826207296: LeSueur Stephen... The soldiers also turned their horses into our fields of corn. [ 11 ] and contributed to an panic... As a make-shift defensive fortification the time when both he and they had lived Jackson. The order, replying: It is cold-blooded murder many Latter Day Saints established new colonies of... Tell whatever I want to families fled to neighboring counties where their fanned... Political and economic threat in addition, LeSueur views the conflict as an expression attitudes! Mormon criminals to justice many Latter Day Saints were greatly troubled by the occurrences of Carroll County. [ ]... Group arrived just before dawn and when they were discovered, fighting soon began Patten, Charles C. Rich and! West to surrender. [ 98 ] [ 88 ], replying: It is cold-blooded.! 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However, purport to be eye-witness accounts was disbanded in late November. 1... His militia company rescued another woman and three small children who were hiding in the at!

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