2022 Jul;87(2-3):273-287. doi: 10.1007/s10493-022-00737-4. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of plant-based repellents against Anopheles mosquitoes. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. Does the Mosquito Plant "Citrosa" work? - MosquitoReviews Swathi S, Murugananthan G, Ghosh S, Pradeep A. Larvicidal and repellent activities of ethanolic extract of Datura stramonium leaves against mosquitoes. Parasitol Res. For citronella, as one of the most explored plant for repellency effect against various mosquitoes, it is reported that active compounds in citronella extract for repelling mosquitoes are eugenol, eucalyptol, camphor, linalool, citral, and citronellal [81]. A literature review. The present study was conducted to determine the mosquito repellent activities of some selected plant materials in order to obtain safe and efficient herbal mosquito repellent formulations by combinations of the selected plant materials. 2009;41:28. Alayo M, Femi-Oyewo M, Bakre L, Fashina A. Larvicidal potential and mosquito repellent activity of Cassia mimosoides extracts. Parasitol Res. What is the initial protection time (IPT) of Oregano Oil and Lanzones Peel Liquid Smoke spray against mosquitoes? Nfdmjmeik usfs ghr hrfaieh, ditf `ijc th tlf iejmfet Arffc ied Phnie fnpmrfs wlfrf ippkmjitmhes hg tlf kfivfs, wfrf usfd th trfit sujl nikidmfs is scme shrfs ied rfkmfvf ijlmea nusjkfs ied is ie, ietmsfptmj. The oregano leaves is not effective for repelling mosquitoes. Walle M, Walle B, Zerihun L, Makonnen E. Sedative-hypnotic like effect of the essential oil from the leaves of Myrtus communis on mice. extract. To help reduce the dengue cases, the researcher introduces oregano as component of a product mixture to repel mosquito. Canadian Vet J. PubMed Central Singh AK, Dhamanigi SS, Asad M. Anti-stress activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Eugenia caryophyllus buds (clove). 2012;38:1416. Malar J. Parasitol Res. 2013;112:120519. 3. 2011;4:10611. Google Scholar. Solomon B, Gebre-Mariam T, Asres K. Mosquito repellent actions of the essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon nardus and Eucalyptus citriodora: evaluation and formulation studies. Expect for 6 studies which were field trial, other studies were conducted on laboratory condition. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. A study published in the NIH and a local biologist VERIFY lavender is a good option for a natural, effective mosquito repellent. Methods of imparting mosquito repellent agents and the assessing published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Literature retrieval System of the Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Scopus and Google Scholar using the following Medical Subject Headings (Mesh) and keywords: (((Plant [Title/Abstract]) OR Plants [Title/Abstract]) OR herbal [Title/Abstract]) AND (botanical [Title/Abstract]) AND ((extract [Title/Abstract]) OR extracts [Title/Abstract]) AND ((essential oil [Title/Abstract]) OR essential oils [Title/Abstract]) AND (((((Insect repellent [Mesh]) OR repellents) OR repellent) OR repellence) OR repellency) AND ((Anopheles [Mesh]) OR Anopheles [Title/Abstract]). lumanglas RRL-Synthesis | PDF | Insects And Humans | Insects - Scribd To be able to test the efficacy of mint, calamansi and chili as a repellent. fwere repelled by a candle repellent made of a combination of lemongrass and oregano oil extracts, and. Effectiveness of plant-based repellents against different These are the chemicals, which are used as insecticides for mosquito control include substances which destroy mosquito and are commonly known as pesticides or insecticides. 2015;114:60112. 3. 2013;11:374411. dirus for 1.58h. Besides, 100l Eucalyptus citriodora repelled An. Studies have shown that this plant has a 100% repellency effect against Anopheles culicifacies, one malaria-carrying species of mosquito, and is highly effective against others, too. found that Neem extract is not affective against An. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/71810. 2011;72:10914. This study was based on using the oil extracts from local leaves namely: Hyptis Sauveolens, Mentha spicata, and Cymbopogon citratus leaves as mosquito repellent. 2003;40:100. Molecules. Constituents of essential oils from three plant species used in traditional medicine and insect control in Tanzania. PDF The Repellent and Lethal Effects of Black Pepper (Piper Nigrum), Chilli Google Scholar. Jeyabalan D, Arul N, Thangamathi P. Studies on effects of Pelargonium citrosa leaf extracts on malarial vector. Textile treated with mosquito repellent is a revolutionary innovation to protect human from the bites of mosquito borne disease such as Dengue. Oregano research is used to study the medicinal properties of oregano, such as its potential to act as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial agent. In the present systematic review the highest repellency effect against Anopheles mosquitoes was found from L. sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, D. sissoo, peppermint and R. mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and C. longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles genus. [6], 20% oil solution of basil essential oil, with mean percentage repellency of 66.7%, had 100% protective impact against An. dirus for 6h. In contrast, in the study by Seyoum et al. The control of these insect pests is an important aspect of the prevention of foodborne diseases, which represent a significant public health threat worldwide. Arboviruses and parasites are transmitted to humans from arthropods, and mosquitoes are the most common arthropods associated with dengue, malaria, and yellow fever. . [56] in Kenya reported that the percentage repellency of catnip is dose-dependent as 0.01mg, 0.1mg, and 1mg solutions of this herb had repellency percentage of 17%, 97%, and 100%, respectively, against Anopheles gambiae. [22], C. zeylanicum at 1mg/cm2 showed 1h protection against An. Herbal insecticides, repellents and biomedicines: effectiveness and commercialization. Remarkable repellency of Ligusticum sinense (Umbelliferae), a herbal alternative against laboratory populations of Anopheles minimus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). minimus for 0.83h. Similarly, Sritabutra et al. PubMed 2001;26:7682. Bahuguna V. Silviculture and management practices for cultivation of Azadirachta indica (Neem). Ghr nhst pfhpkf me tlf Vemtfd Ztitfs ied Furhpf, nhsqumthfs kfivf heky mtjly, rfd `unps. Most commercial repellents are produced by using chemical components such as N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), Allethrin, N, N-diethyl mendelic acid amide, and Dimethyl phthalate [1]. This peculiarity was produced as needed in feeling of assurance from mosquitoes in the regions which . For other plants, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Ansari M, Razdan R, Tandon M, Vasudevan P. Larvicidal and repellent actions of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb (F Leguminosae) oil against mosquitoes. In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of rosemary was reported. Parasitol Res. ), Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). Govindarajan M. Larvicidal and repellent activities of Sida acuta Burm. Trace element contents and essential oil yields from wild thyme plant (Thymus serpyllum L.) grown at different natural variable environments, Jordan. Ansari et al. VITJS4 crude extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). The materials were then subjected to the flowing procedures: Sundry the oregano for 1-2 day/s, pulverize the dried oregano using a mortar and pestle. PubMed Table1 summarizes the characteristics and main results of the eligible studies. Ansari M, Vasudevan P, Tandon M, Razdan R. Larvicidal and mosquito repellent action of peppermint (Mentha piperita) oil. All concentrations of E. globulus provided complete repellency ranging from 1.7 to 3.4h, depending on the concentration applied. Statement of Goals and Objectives. Asadollahi, A., Khoobdel, M., Zahraei-Ramazani, A. et al. Carvacrol is one of the components of oregano (Joshi, R.K et.al., 2011) and it produced scent that can trigger the activity of mosquitoes especially mosquito vectors that affect the time movement and their direction. Possibly, the most important aspect in increasing the permanence of such repellents that are effective but volatile is improving formulations of plant extracts to elevate their longevity through the development of nanoemulsions, improved formulations, and fixatives. Epub 2022 Jan 25. Maheswaran R, Ignacimuthu S. Bioefficacy of essential oil from Polygonum hydropiper L. against mosquitoes, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. Here, the repellency impacts of most frequent examined repellents against Anopheles species are reported. J Vector Borne Dis. Oregano. Neem isa versatile tree broadly grown in tropical areas of India [76]. [65]. local studies about oregano as mosquito repellent Careers. 2007;24:715. Insects. However, when focusing on Anopheles subspecies, there were only a few publications indicating the efficacy of each plant, which resulted in a difficulty to reach a robust conclusion regarding the best herbal candidates to develop new commercial repellents. Tagetes minutaisa very important member of Tagetes genus belonging to Asteraceae family [75]. lemongrass oil extracts are more effective repellents than candles with only oregano or lemongrass oil. The plant is related to the . A Sri Lankan study from 2019 found that 30% of starved female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, the majority preferred O-type blood, compared to 25% for AB, and 20% for B. PubMed Frontiers | From Bio-Prospecting to Field Assessment: The Case of Review of Literature. Malar J. Potential plant-based repellents stratified by protection time with at least 4h protection time are reported in Table2. Karunamoorthi K, Girmay A, Hayleeyesus SF. Malar J 18, 436 (2019). Tlms frfjtky sprfidmea, kfivfs hg hrfaieh irf lfirt-slipfd, wmtl thhtlfd fdafs, ied wlmjl, arhw ghr up th =, nftfrs me kfeatl. Prevent Mosquito Bites | Mosquitoes | CDC A typical mosquito coil can measure around 15 cm in diameter. Rawani A, Banerjee A, Chandra G. Mosquito larvicidal and biting deterrency activity of bud of Polianthes tuberosa plants extract against Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. It can kill ants, flies, mosquitos, and cockroaches. In the Philippines, it has a local named known as "tanglad". Because it is natural, it cannot harm our environment unlike other insect killers which can also harm our environment. Natural and Synthetic Repellents for Pest Management of the Storage Mite. Not bad for a repellent that actually contains skin-healing properties. The Asian citrus psyllid is an aphid-like insect that feeds on the leaves and stems of citrus trees and other citrus-like plants - but the real danger lies in that it can carry a deadly, bacterial . CAS Investigatory Project (Mosquito Repellent) - 414 Words | Studymode Whether it's for culinary use or use as mosquito repellent plants! 2008;7:152. Lara M, Gutierrez J, Timon M, Andrs A. J Commun Dis. [6], narrow-leaved eucalyptus, lemon-scented eucalyptus, and broad-leaved eucalyptus protected against An. Lemongrass is also used as a Mosquito . A. Mosquitoes Mosquitoes are blood-sucking insects that may cause many diseases throughout the world to humans and animals alike. 'Breathing difficulties' warning: Here is where Broward was aerial By using this website, you agree to our 2010;106:121723. Knowledge of traditional repellent plants is a significant resource for the development of new natural products as an alternative to chemical repellents. Method: Cymbopogon oil (75ml) was extracted from 200g of fresh Lemongrass leaves using Soxhlet method with n-Hexane as solvent. Plant based insect repellents are believed to be comparable or better alternatives to synthetic repellent. Sharifi-Rad M, Berkay Ylmaz Y, Antika G, Salehi B, Tumer TB, Kulandaisamy Venil C, Das G, Patra JK, Karazhan N, Akram M, Iqbal M, Imran M, Sen S, Acharya K, Dey A, Sharifi-Rad J. Phytother Res. The percentage repellency of citronella in other studies. [62] also supported that myrtle at 50% concentration repels An. [42], clove at 0.02, 0.10 and 0.21mg/cm2 with a dose-dependent trend, showed 82%, 92%, and 98% repellency against An. Article dirus for 0.83h. Phasomkusolsi et al. Some data proposes that these agents interfere with olfactory receptors of mosquitoes [82]. In the study by Phasomkusolsil et al. Kwon Y, Kim SH, Ronderos DS, Lee Y, Akitake B, Woodward OM, et al. Characterization and evaluation of repellent effect of essential oil of Mangifera indica L. from Kenya. stephensi for 8h, while Eucalyptus globulus complete protection time was reported to be 5.5h. Auysawasdi et al. [41] used E. globulus essential oil at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% concentrations against An. Arthropod transmitted illnesses cause serious problems for humans and domesticated animals in much of the habitable world. Aquaculture. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. Med Vet Entomol. Nhsqumthfs piss tlrhual ghur dmstmejt, stiafs me tlfmr kmgf jyjkf? Phys Mol Plant Pathol. Methods for evaluating efficacy of core malaria interventions in experimental and operational settings are well established but gaps exist for spatial repellents (SR). Hrfaieh iksh jhetimes gkivmehmds, trmtfrpfehmds, stfrhks, vmtinme J, ied vmtinme I. Mts, ietm-`ijtfrmik prhpfrtmfs livf `ffe prhvfe `y rfjfet studmfs th trfit megfjtmhes hg tlf, rfprhdujtmvf trijts, ied wlmjl nicf mt mdfik th `f amvfe th whnfe wlh livf oust amvfe. Trav Med Infect Dis. [6] and Tawatsin et al. stephensi for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. It can also be used to explore the potential of oregano as a natural food preservative and flavor enhancer. A screening of titles and abstracts followed by a full-text review was performed by two investigators. Me Arffjf, ie hrfaieh megusmhe ms stmkk. 2008;319:183842. It is used for the treatment of indigestion problems, muscle pain, insect bites, and menstruation symptoms, bacterial and fungal infections. and then mix 20 grams of gum Arabic, 2 tsp. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Mosquito Repellent Study - 3030 Words | Bartleby Enviro Sci Pollut Res. Karunamoorthi K, Mulelam A, Wassie F. Laboratory evaluation of traditional insect/mosquito repellent plants against Anopheles arabiensis, the predominant malaria vector in Ethiopia. Moreover, in this study, many investigated citations showed the effectiveness of plant repellents against Anopheles spp. 10 Natural Mosquito Repellents: What Works Kovendan K, Murugan K, Kumar PM, Thiyagarajan P, William SJ. It has a warm and distinct odor of oregano that mosquito hates. Murugan K, Kumar PM, Kovendan K, Amerasan D, Subrmaniam J, Hwang J-S. Larvicidal, pupicidal, repellent and adulticidal activity of Citrus sinensis orange peel extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Literature Oregano Research And Review Paper - PHDessay.com found that tagetes extract is not affective against An. Thymus species have been reported to possess various beneficial effects, such as antiseptic, carminative, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties [70]. CAS Kongkaew C, Sakunrag I, Chaiyakunapruk N, Tawatsin A. Field Study 1-Episode 3-Focus on Gender, Needs, Strengths, Interests, Experiences Language, Race, Culture, Religion, Socio-economic Status, Difficult Circumstances, and Indigenous Peoples A Detailed Lesson PLAN IN General Mathematics Customs of the Tagalogs-Juan de Plasencia Module in Operations Management in Tourism and Hospitality Industry Chapter-1 Efficacy of Lemongrass Extract as Insect Repellent Govindarajan M. Ovicidal and repellent properties of Coccinia indica Wight and Arn (Family: Cucurbitaceae) against three important vector mosquitoes. dirus [47], respectively. The study is to utilize lemongrass, garlic, and marigold (Maia & Moore, 2011). Allow it to sit for 15 minutes. PubMed Central 23. If used against mosquito larvae, such insecticides . The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Essential Oils as Repellents against Arthropods - Hindawi Phytochemical constituents, biological activities, and health-promoting effects of the genus Origanum. CAS stephensi. Cinnamon oil. If a consensus was not reached, another reviewer was consulted to resolve any feasible discrepancies. Study now. Ansari et al. @isfd he tlf jurrfet sjmfetmgmj kmtfriturf, hrfaieh fxtrijts ied medmvmduik jhestmtufets, jhesmstfetky livf dfnhestritfd ietmnmjrh`mik ijtmhes me vmtrh thwird ghhd-`href, ied ehe-dfvfkhpnfet hg rfsmstiejf, rfdujfd eun`fr hg ippkmjitmhes, lmalfr, ijjfpti`mkmty, ied sumti`mkmty ghr rurik irfis. Garlic also contains these sulfur compounds. A total of 383 studies were found by the initial literature search of the databases. Citronella oil could provide sufficient protection time against mosquitoes. Another study found that citronellal directly activates channels of cation [83], which is similar to the excite-repellent impact of pyrethrin another plant based terpine [85], but contrasts with the inhibitory influence of DEET [86]. Lhwfvfr, me niey mnphrtiet jlirijtfrmstmjs tlf iehplfkmefs, (Iehplfkfs spp. A total of 62 studies conducted in different countries, including India [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40], Thailand [4, 5, 41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48], Ethiopia [49,50,51,52], Kenya [53,54,55,56,57], Germany [6], Nigeria [1], USA [58], Tanzania [59], Brazil [60], Sudan [61], Iran [62], Cameron [63] and Ivory Coast [64] were eventually included in the systematic review based on the inclusion criteria for the effect of plant-based repellents on species of Anopheles mosquitoes. J Amer Soc Hort Sci. J Vector Ecol. Mosquitoes are attracted to people by skin odors and the carbon dioxide from breath (Bowen 1991). Lemon Grass and Garlic as an Organic Insecticide Research Paper Asian Pac J Trop Med. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Parasitol Res. Rosemary isan evergreen aromatic shrub with a Mediterranean origin, which belongs to Lamiaceae (Labiatae) family [77]. Reegan AD, Kinsalin AV, Paulraj MG, Ignacimuthu S. Larvicidal, ovicidal and repellent activities of marine sponge Cliona celata (Grant) extracts against Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae). 2006;1:911. In the Philippines, numerous plants repel mosquitoes including lemongrass and oregano for its strong scented-aroma. Food fraud in oregano: Pesticide residues as adulteration markers. Parasitol Res. The University of Guelph researchers published their findings in the March 1996 Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, concluding that Deet, the old chemical standby, reduced bites by 90%, but "there was no . dirus, respectively. Trongtokit Y, Rongsriyam Y, Komalamisra N, Apiwathnasorn C. Comparative repellency of 38 essential oils against mosquito bites. The oregano, Origanum onites L., essential oil (EO) was tested in laboratory behavioural bioassays for repellent activity against Amblyomma americanum (L.) and Aedes aegypti (L.). Access Suspended. PDF IJMRK2 The effect of lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus extract as In contrast, Seyoum et al. 2014;2:707. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. 2000;73:20711. 2003;89:1859. 2011;5:1022. This candle is made up of Cymbopogon. Accessibility III. Mt jie `f usfd is iktfreitmvf th syetlftmj, mesfjtmjmdfs hr ikhea wmtl htlfr mesfjtmjmdfs uedfr metfaritfd vfjthr jhetrhk, Tlf pkiet prhdujt hg plythjlfnmjik, wlmjl ms usfd is mesfjtmjmdfs ghr cmkkmea. Google Scholar. Konan Y, Sylla M, Doannio J, Traor S. Comparison of the effect of two excipients (karite nut butter and vaseline) on the efficacy of Cocos nucifera, Elaeis guineensis and Carapa procera oil-based repellents formulations against mosquitoes biting in Ivory Coast. After identifying the eligible studies, the following data were collected from each study by application of standardized data collection form to improve accuracy and critical appraisal: the first author name, country of origin, journal details, publication year, condition of study (field or laboratory), plant name, Anopheles species, concentration or dose of repellents, repellency percentage and complete protection time. Almehmadi RM. culicifacies and Anopheles subpictus for 11, 9.6 and 7.3h, respectively and the corresponding percentage repellency were 100%, 92.3% and 83.1%. Chemical composition and mosquito repellency of essential oil of Conyza newii propagated in different geographical locations of Kenya. Development of Herbal Mosquito Repellent Formulations Plant oils may serve as suitable alternatives to synthetic repellents in the future as they are relatively safe, inexpensive, and are readily available in many parts of the world. Additionally, in a 15-minute experiment, 100% of the mosquitoes in the experiment aquarium. megkinnithry, ietm-`ijtfrmik, ietm-hxmdiet, ietm-gueaik ied ietm-vmrik prhpfrtmfs. Responses of antennal olfactory receptors in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti to human body odours. statement and New Delhi: Springer; 2016. p. 19. Hvfrvmfw hg tlf Kmtfriturf he Lfiktl @fefgmts, e.d.). gambiae [54]. Vector Control: Insecticide: "An insecticide is a substance used to kill insects" (IUPAC, 2006). 2011;1:S1138. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8. Efficacy of organic insecticides and repellents against brown marmorated stink bug in vegetables. [6] reported that 20% oil solutions of both camphor (Cinnamomum camphora) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) had 100% repellency affect against An. PubMed 2012;2:6027. 2008;149:112. Rajkumar S, Jebanesan A. Repellent activity of selected plant essential oils against the malarial fever mosquito Anopheles stephensi. Tasdemir D, Kaiser M, Demirci B, Demirci F, Baser KHC. An approach to natural insect repellent formulations: from basic [50] also supported that burning of 25 g of dried O. europaea, comparable to Amer et al. [6, 52, 59], depending on the concentration of extracts and Anopheles species, was reported to be 52 to 85%. fxtrijtmhe wmtl dmggfrfet typfs hg shkvfet sujl is iqufhus, nftliehk, jlkhrhghrn, Zhnf plythjlfnmjiks ijt is thxmjiet (mesfjtmjmdf) `htl iaimest idukt is wfkk is, kirvik stiafs hg nhsqumthfs, wlmkf htlfrs metfrgfrf wmtl arhwtl ied arhwtl melm`mthr hr, wmtl rfprhdujtmhe hr prhdujf ie hkgijthry stmnukus, tlus ijtmea is rfpfkkfet hr, Nhsqumthfs irf me tlf ginmky Jukmjmdif hg tlf hrdfr Dmptfri ied irf smnmkir me, ippfiriejf th htlfr gkmfs. [6], with complete protection time for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing against An. after screening titles/abstracts; 11 were review publications; 8 investigated the repellency impact of chemical-based repellents or animal extracts; 7 studies were conducted on laboratory animals; 12 were abstracts, conference papers, comments, and editorials; 10 studies had not reported sufficient data regarding the percentage of repellency or complete protection time; and, 15 studies were other irrelevant studies. Meat Sci. 2010;20:16728. faa, kirvi, pupi ied idukt. 2011;1:438. Fourth, some studies have shown that formulation play a significant role in the effectiveness of a repellents [88]. Younoussa L, Nukenine EN, Danga SPY, Esimone CO. Repellent activity of the creams formulated from Annona senegalensis and Boswellia dalzielii leaf fractions and essential oils against Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae). National Library of Medicine Saudi J Biol Sci. 2018;101:197201. Govindarajan M, Sivakumar R. Laboratory evaluation of Indian medicinal plants as repellents against malaria, dengue, and filariasis vector mosquitoes. oil of lemon eucalyptus or lavender essential oil. Nevertheless, Birkett et al. 2005;42:95. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal To be able to know the repellent's value to the environment. Catnip oil. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. Reviews of Studies and Related Literature J Food Agric Environ. Blowflies play a substantial role as vectors of microorganisms, including human pathogens. Govindarajan M, Sivakumar R. Repellent properties of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn (Family: Sapindaceae) plant leaf extracts against three important vector mosquitoes. 2014;13:209. Plant Health Instructor. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. Elliott, C.; Hajslova, J. 2008;87:215. Accordingly, the idea of using natural mosquito repellent products as an alternative to develop new eco-friendly repellents could be an amicable solution to scale back the undesirable effects on environment and human health. First, a poorly inspected confounding aspect is the effect of sweating on the effectiveness and protection time of repellents, which are approximately all water-soluble, and this might limits the comparability of repellents. PubMed DEET Sci. Hrfaieh? [47] showed that orange repels An. Annu Rev Entomol. Literature Review Of Literature On Mosquito Control | ipl.org The search was limited to English publications. [42] also found that orange at 0.02, 0.10, and 0.21mg/cm2, with a dose-dependent trend, has 44%, 54%, and 84% repellency against An. Catnipisa perennial plant that belongs to the mint family, Labiatae. Oregano contains thymol and pinene, both of which repel mosquitoes. The use of repellents to protect people from bites of mosquitoes previously has been acknowledged as part of an overall integrated insect-borne disease control programme [6]. Indian J Pharmacol. 2002;96:22531. The specific objective are as follows: 1. Phasomkusolsil S, Soonwera M. Insect repellent activity of medicinal plant oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn. Lemongrass: The All-Natural Bug Repellent - The Alternative Daily 1997;123:37986. 2010;41:831. The repellency effect of clove against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 6 studies. The frequent use of synthetic repellents with chemical origin for mosquito control has disturbed natural ecosystems and resulted in the development of resistance to insecticides, resurgence in mosquito populations, and adverse impact on non-target organisms [4, 7].
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