Schwarzer G. meta: an R package for meta-analysis. 2017;2017:8652524. Proc Natl Acad Sci. A research report published in Frontiers in Psychology suggests that there is an association between pandemic threats and extensive anxiety and concern among the public. A social psychology concept that can be applied to the use of social media is the self-discrepancy theory. Getting a professional assessment is critical. Before 2015. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/metafor/metafor.pdf. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! In this Special Feature, Medical News Today looks at what research says about social media use and the COVID-19 pandemic to reveal how it has affected mental health. Cookies policy. Informed by the differential susceptibility to media effects model (DSMM), the current study aims to investigate associations of COVID-19-related social media use with mental health outcomes and to uncover potential mechanisms underlying the links. The increase in the time spent using social media platforms were associated with anxiety symptoms in overall studies (pooled OR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.301.85), and the heterogeneity between studies was mild (I2=26.77%). Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. PLoS One. Mindlessness or numbing out. Stress reactions due to pandemic-related information overload. Quality assessment was conducted by two independent researchers, a psychiatrist (SHK) and an epidemiologist (YRL), using the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Nonrandomized Studies (RoBANS), which can assess cross-sectional studies [20]. 2022 Sep 19;6 (9):e38589. Terms and Conditions, Research is beginning to uncover how specific social media experiences may influence youth mental health. COVID-19 pandemic and mental health consequences: systematic review of the current evidence. Daniels M, Sharma M, Batra K. Social media, stress and sleep deprivation: a triple S among adolescents. Reviewed by Matt Huston. The authors declare no competing interests. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. More than 80% (95%CI:80.9%-83.1%) of participants reported frequently exposed to social media. While we are all impacted in differing ways by social media consumption, the continual flow of negative and misinformation during the past 18 months have spread fear; the highlighting of social and political issues has reduced optimism; and edited photos and toxically positive content leave no space to feel secure or express negative emotions healthily. This feature series aims to empower readers to take control of their mental and emotional health. 2021;6(2):159-66. 2020 Dec 31;22(12):e23696. [3] [4] According to the UN health agency WHO, in the first year of the . Methodology: JIS, YCJ, YRL, SJJ. Marino C, Gini G, Vieno A, Spada MM. 2020;27(3):taaa031. Scientists use genetic rewiring to increase lifespan of cells, Beyond amyloid and tau: New targets in developing dementia treatments, Napping longer than 30 minutes linked to higher risk of obesity and high blood pressure, Activity 'snacks' could lower blood sugar, complication risk in type 1 diabetes, In Conversation: Investigating the power of music for dementia. Moreover, path analysis showed negative affect mediated the relationship of social media use and mental health. Mental Health of Children and Adolescents Amidst COVID-19 and Past Pandemics: A Rapid Systematic Review. The increase in social media use time was also associated with depressive symptoms (pooled OR=1.43, 95% CI: 1.301.85, prediction intervals: [0.822.49]), and the heterogeneity between studies was moderate (I2=67.16%) (see Fig. GOSHa graphical display of study heterogeneity. Elucidating the impact of health risks of COVID-19 on emotional exhaustion and academic performance: role of mindfulness and online interaction quality. Mental Health Awareness month was established in 1949 by the national advocacy organization Mental Health America. Doing meta-analysis with R: a hands-on guide. 2019nCoV epidemic: Address mental health care to empower society. The increase in the time spent using social media platforms were associated with anxiety symptoms in overall studies (pooled OR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.301.85, prediction intervals: [1.082.23]), and the heterogeneity between studies was mild (I2=26.77%) (see Fig. The effect measures were odds ratio, regression coefficient, and Pearsons r, which calculated the association between the increase in social media use time and anxiety and depressive symptoms. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted And to seek out the resources, just as we do with strengthening our physical health and flexibility.. The repeated sharing of disturbing news can negatively impact the mental health of those social media users who are overexposed to this tragic material. FOIA 2017;2(4):31530. | How has the pandemic changed our behavior? Many other benefits include being able to share ideas/information, sharing pictures/memories, increased opportunities to aid the community (charity . Reports of death, illness, grief, unemployment, loss of businesses, food insecurity, evictions, and homelessness are constant reminders of the pandemic-related devastation that currently grips our nation. Harrer M, Cuijpers P, Furukawa TA, Ebert DD. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. For sensitivity analysis, additional analysis including only high quality studies was conducted and it compared with the pooled estimates of overall results (see Table1). The negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are far-reaching, especially regarding mental health. Social media counteracted physical distance policies and played as an immediate source of (mis)information for users, but also anticipated the impact of the most uncertain times of this COVID-19 physical health crisis on well-being and mental health. Further observation studies with longitudinal design to determine the true effect of social media platform are required. A great number of people have reported psychological distress and symptoms of depression, anxiety or post-traumatic . Alongside the increased desire for metrics such as likes and comments in these challenging times, its likely that social media has exacerbated mental health challenges.. Int J Environ Res Public Health. This year the COVID-19 pandemic has sparked a major uptick in social media usage. A 2018 British study tied social media use to decreased, disrupted, and delayed sleep, which is associated with depression, memory loss, and poor academic performance. Likewise, this study also observed a similar trend of a negative effect of social media on mental health outcomes in the COVID-19 pandemic. This relationship has become increasingly complex during the COVID-19 pandemic. How COVID-19 News Affect Older Adults' Mental Health-Evidence of a Positivity Bias. For an individual, on average, engaging with Facebook decreases their mental health by roughly 22% of the effect of losing one's job, as reported by a previous meta-analysis, Makarin and his team found. During the pandemic, TikTok served as a way for teens to connect with others over sharing a mental health illness. The pooled results are in line with previous systematic reviews and meta-analysis performed before the pandemic. The search terms for a systematic search were as following: (1) (COVID-19 OR corona) AND (mental health OR depress* OR anxiety) AND (social media OR Instagram OR Facebook OR twitter) for PubMed, (2) (coronavirus disease 2019/exp/mj) AND (mental health/exp/mj OR depression/exp OR anxiety/exp) AND (social media/exp./mj OR Facebook/exp. In cross-sectional studies, misclassification cases due to an unreliable self-contained questionnaire for categorizing depressive patients were rated as high risk. For the qualitative assessment, studies with two or more high risk of bias grades were then classified as low quality. When the COVID-19 pandemic began, U.S. college students reported increased anxiety and depression. As it has grown, more people have started using it as a news source. Sage Open. Case Rep Psychiatry. Summary: Debate over social media's role on mental health will continue till a greater number of RCTs are conducted. After 18 months of pandemic, 118 participants remained in the study (mean age of 56.6 13.4 years, 66.7% were women). He noted that this exposure will also include the overwhelming reality of worldwide events as they are happening. Writing original draft: YRL, YJJ, SHK, SJJ. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). BMC Public Health. Because the COVID-19 pandemic emerged recently, scientists are only beginning to understand the role of social media on users mental health. There has understandably been widespread concern about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions on the mental health of children and young people, with evidence of recent increases in the prevalence of mental health problems. Study findings. The Impact of Social Media on College Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Multinational Review of the Existing Literature. A meta-analysis of 23 studies (2018) reported significant correlation between social media use and psychological distress [23]. However, the challenge is that [using] most of these will decrease addictiveness, engagement, and time spent. Due to the high accessibility of social media platform and the ease of socialisation in a controlled setting, individuals with underlying depression may be more drawn to social media interactions rather than face-to-face ones, more so in the pandemic era [ 28 ]. 2012;3(3):21423. Men have long been silent and stoic about their inner lives, but theres every reason for them to open up emotionallyand their partners are helping. Lastly, some of the analysis showed a relatively high inter-study heterogeneity (range: I2=0.0080.53%). This Special Feature looks at the emerging phenomenon of COVID-19 anxiety syndrome and offers some tips on coping with it. The search strategy principles were as follows: (1) Social media or individual names of social media in the title, keyword and abstract results; (2) Terms referring to mental health with COVID-19 specified in the title (e.g. The results were similar to the overall outcome (anxiety: OR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.211.96; depression: OR=1.42, 95% CI: 0.692.90). We investigate the phenomenon of revenge bedtime procrastination. There has been a stream of news regarding the pandemic, creating a sense of urgency and anxiety. This global reach is what has made social media a critical communication platform during the COVID-19 pandemic. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Both surveys included the PSS, GAD-7 . Undoubtedly, there are numerous benefits to using social media. , Lin, C.Y. Due to conflicting evidence and views regarding the effect of social media platform on the mental health, the recommendation for the use of social media in pandemic has been questioned. Online ahead of print. They completed measures of social media use, the COVID-19 stressor, negative affect, secondary traumatic stress (STS), depression, and anxiety as well as covariates. The Dreadful Physical Symptoms of Dementia, 2 Ways Empathy Determines the Type of Partner We Choose, To Be Happy for the Rest of Your Life, Seek These Goals, Social Media Use, Psychological Function, and Well-Being, Depression Is Not Caused by Chemical Imbalance in the Brain, My Perspective as a Sex Therapist on Netflix's 'Sex/Life'. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plot analysis and Eggers test (Supplementary Material 41). Rapid transition to the new remote educational environment and telecommuting may trigger mental health issues [29]. As a result of strong quarantine measures, private meetings, gatherings, and physical contact with intimate relatives have been reduced [1]. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13409-0, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13409-0. Flowchart of literature search and selection of the publications. Worldwide, statistics suggest mental health has declined since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the tremendous worldwide efforts including the introduction of vaccines, developing therapeutics and social distancing, the coronavirus outbreak is not expected to dampen due to the continuous emergence of new viral strains and difficulty in effective quarantine interventions. Methods: We enrolled 20 adolescents who were engaged in care . J Affect Disord. COVID-19; College students; Literature review; Mental health; Pandemic; Social media. Data analyses included a random-effect model and an assessment of inter-study heterogeneity. Would you like email updates of new search results? The relationship between exposure to terror through the media, coping strategies and resources, and distress and secondary traumatization. BMC Public Health 22, 995 (2022). The kappa statistic (inter-rater agreement) was 33.3%, indicating fair agreement. How Blame and Shame Can Fuel Depression in Rape Victims, Getting More Hugs Is Linked to Fewer Symptoms of Depression, Interacting With Outgroup Members Reduces Prejudice. BMJ. After applying the trim-and-fill method, the funnel plot revealed no asymmetry (Supplementary Material 5), indicating no significant publication bias. Social media in digital platforms is reportedly considered as a new channel of communication that could relieve aforementioned negative aspects of isolation through helping people escape negative emotions [5], projecting their personality as they desire, and evoking the impression of gaining back some control [6]. Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a decline in well-being for many adolescents. During the COVID-19 pandemic, you may experience stress, anxiety, fear, sadness and loneliness. In addition, all results of the Egger test were statistically insignificant, indicating improbable publication bias. The concept behind our blog focuses on the effects that social media has on young adults' mental health and more specifically, the impact it has had during this pandemic. Is Playing Violent Video Games Related to Teens' Mental Health? This meta-analysis review was registered in PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, registration No CRD42021260223, 15 June 2021). sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal 2014;14(1):112. Depoux A, Martin S, Karafillakis E, Preet R, Wilder-Smith A, Larson H. The pandemic of social media panic travels faster than the COVID-19 outbreak. Privacy Research indicates that social media can help effectively communicate health information to a global audience during a public health crisis.