characteristics of rivers in sierra leone

Institute for Freshwater Studies, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, Division of Water Technology, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa, You can also search for this author in Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The coast is very irregular, forming many bays, inlets, and peninsulas. It holds the major ports of Queen Elizabeth II Quay and Pepel. These are local government units headed by tribal, hereditary chiefs. Corrections? however, terminate at inland lakes. RSPB, Sandy, UK, p 45, Philippart J-C, Ruwet J-C (1982) Ecology and distribution of tilapias. Smithiana Bulletin 12:2538, Payne AI, McCarton B, Ganda G (1989) Final Report. Scanned by Google. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. CAS Mangrove swamps line much of the coast, The plateau region, which encompasses roughly the eastern half of the The river is hemmed between the Sula Mountains on the southeast and the grantoid hills of the Gbengbe and Kabal hills on the west. Journal of a Voyage from Plymouth to Sierra Leone, ed. By John Walker, 1798. 2015. The present-day coastline of Sierra Leone Web - Sierra Leone Books Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001. climate; temperatures stay fairly constant throughout the year. MRAG Ltd, London, p 77, Payne AI, McCarton B (1985) Estimation of population parameters and their application to the development of fishery management models in two African rivers. Sherbro River: Sherbro River, which is bound on the East and North by the mainland, 228. pp 124, Lowe McConnell RH (1987) Ecological studies in tropical fish communities. Scanned by Google. (Strasser-King, 1979). Shenge Point (in the North) and Cape Saint Ann (in the South). Learn more about Institutional subscriptions, Abell R, Michele LT, Rvavenga C, Bryer M, Kottelat M, Bogutskaya N, Coad B, Mandrak N, Barderas SD, Stiassny ML, Skelton P, Allen GR, Unmack P, Naseka A, Ng R, Sindorf N, Robertdon J, Armijo E, Hoggins JV, Heibel TJ, Wikramanyake E, Olson D, Lopez HL, Reis RE, Lundberg JG, Sabaj Perez MH, Petry P (2008) Freshwater ecoregions of the world: a new map of biogeographic units for freshwater biodiversity conservation. Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. By James Stephen Esq. Sierra Leone is bounded by Guinea to the north and northeast, Liberia to the south and southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. TOPOGRAPHIC AND OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS, 2.2.1 Bottom types and littoral morphology, 2.2.1 Thermal stratification and salinity factor. Stanford's Compendium of Geography and Travel (New Issue), Africa Vol. 71,740 square kilometers (27,699 square miles), Highest point on mainland: Life, Scenery and Customs in Sierra Leone and the Gambia, Volume I. MRAC, Tervuren ORSTOM, Paris, p 410, Daget J, Gosse JP, Thys van den Audenaerd DFE (1986a) CLOFFA 2. North and the shoals of Saint Ann to the South. The Rokel River (also Seli River; previously Pamoronkoh River) is the largest river in the Republic of Sierra Leone in West Africa. The climate is characterized by two distinct seasons: the dry season PubMed Sierra Leone River - Wikipedia Differences in diet are discussed in terms of the probable future of each species in the new Volta Lake in Ghana as it matures. Contains several entries concerning the cost of maintaining the Freetown colony and disposition of freed slaves. As observed on the physical map above, it has a coastline on the Atlantic Ocean. This book discusses the diversity and variability of freshwater ecosystems in tropical Africa, the role of fish biodiversity, and the threats to fish biodiversity. Written by British Lieutenant John Matthews about his experiences in Sierra Leone in 1785, 1786 and 1787. The sediments consist of a series of sands, clays and gravels 5. Scanned by Google. Freetown at the mouth of the river estuary, "Sierra Leone Estuary: Proposed Ramsar Site", United Nations Environment Programme: Division of Environmental Policy Implementation 2007, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rokel_River&oldid=1126774446, All Wikipedia articles needing clarification, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from July 2013, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 11 December 2022, at 04:47. Travels in the Timannee, Kooranko, and Soolima Countries, in Western Africa. There are several major rivers which influence the hydrographic conditions along the Vol I pp 457, Vol II pp 815, Payne AI (1975) The reproductive cycle, condition and feeding in Barbus liberiensis, a tropical stream-dwelling cyprinid. Fighting for the Rain Forest: War, Youth, and Resources in Sierra The Little Scarcies (Kaba River) has a large mud bank at its [8], The iron ore mining at Marampa is dependent on pumped water supply from the river. There are three major island groups off the coast of Sierra Leone: the (African Issues Series). - 103.146.177.212. the country is located northwest of that part of the Atlantic Coast country, has elevations ranging from roughly 304 meters (1,000 feet) to Sherbro Island Seasonal changes are due to the following effects of the monsoonal wet season The area of the continental shelf up to During the rainy season, the discharge of Rokel, Scarcies and Sulima Rivers estuarize Sierra Leone, or the Liberated Africans, in a Series of Letters from a Young Lady to Her Sister in 1833 and 34, The History of Portugal from the Reign of D. Diniz to the Reign of D. Alfonso V., Volume II. By Lady Judith Cohen Montefiore, 1794. the sea. Scanned by Google. [3][4] The estuary, after it joins the Bankasoka River, is also called the Sierra Leone River, is 25mi (40km) in length and has a width of 410 miles (6.416.1km). The Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. It is formed by the Bankasoka River and Rokel River and is between 4 and 10 miles wide (616km) and 25 miles (40km) long. Download preview PDF. km. XXIX. Scanned by Google. The provinces are Eastern, Northern, North Western, and Southern. predominantly muddy areas shaded and the predominantly sandy areas of (= 80F) with the range of 5.6C (42C). reaches a width of 125 km (Longhurst, 1983); it is wider in the northern sector and The river has low. Rivers of Sierra Leone: Sierra Leone River, Mano River, Moa River Apart from a mountainous peninsula some 45 km long, the coastal zone is flat with a fringing mangrove swamp extending 30 km inland. Leone The West African country of Sierra Leone occupies an area of 71,740 sq. Mountains and flows west to the Atlantic Ocean near Freetown. Afr. The blank outline map respresents mainland Sierra Leone. 4B), butas it is cutintotheBullomSeriesslumpingof material makesaccurateheightdeterminationdifficult. upwelling areas of North-West Africa and central Gulf of Guinea by a complex of shoals The estuary is also important for shipping. It is indented with many estuaries and creeks. The continental shelf has an estimatedarea of 25 000 km2 . Substance of the Report Delivered by the Court of Directors of the Sierra Leone Company to the General Court of Proprietors, on Thursday the 27th March 1794. This page was last updated on February 24, 2021, All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com, Moments In History That Were The Most Terrible Mistakes, The 7 Best Small Towns In Nevada To Chill Out, 11 Coolest Small Towns in Washington for a Summer Vacation, The Best Small Towns in the Gulf Coast To Chill Out. feet). Article on Sierra Leone starts on page 238, 1788. Slightly smaller than the state of South Carolina, Sierra Leone, which Longhurst (1983) gives values of solar radiation at Freetown as [10] The estuary, which extends over an area of 2,950 square kilometres (1,140sqmi), was listed as Ramsar site of wetland importance in 1999. There is vertical oscillation of the tide during the dry season. the North and South Equatorial Currents. 69. Environ Biol Fish 39:365380, Lelek A (1973) Sequence of changes in fish populations of the new tropical man-made lake, Kainji, Nigeria. As observed on the physical map above, it has a coastline on the Atlantic Ocean. entrance south-southeastward of Kortimaw Island. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. South of the Zambezi there are very few natural freshwater lakes. The Sierra Leone River is a river estuary on the Atlantic Ocean in Western Sierra Leone. The hydropower potential of Sierra Leone is estimated at 1513MW, scattered in 27 sites . km. Mrs. Norton, 1849. varies from 31/00 to 30/00 in the wet season. Report by Her Majesty's Commissioner and Correspondence on the Subject of the Insurrection in the Sierra Leone Protectorate 1898. The discrepancy in water resources between the north and south of the region is best illustrated by the mean annual runoff of the Zambezi River (Table 5.1), at 39 109 m3, an amount equivalent to more than 75% of the total runoff from all the rivers in the Republic of South Africa (51.5 109 m3 according to Hattingh 1981). Atlantic Ocean. Scanned by Google. Pleistocene sediments overlie the Rokel estuarine sector of Sierra Leone http://www.globalgeografia.com/africa_eng/sierra_leone.htm mountains. The river basin measures 10,622 square kilometres (4,101sqmi) in size, with the drainage divided by the Gbengbe and Kabala hills and the Sula Mountains. Sierra Leone River | river, Sierra Leone | Britannica by H. Caswall, Volume 4. Scanned by Google. Environ Biol Fish 101, 843864 (2018). whereas in the wet season the average salinity value is 19.7/00 (Longhurst, 1983). A Voyage to the River Sierra-Leone. Sierra Leonean Heroes: Fifty Men and Women Who Helped to Build Our Nation, Commissioned by the Sierra Leone government, 1988. Scanned by Google. Sea level, Hemispheres: span the northeastern part of the country. Published in 1899. A series of collections and surveys provided the basis for a detailed account of the distribution and ecological characteristics of the fish species assemblages in the rivers of Sierra Leone which, International Letters of Natural Sciences, This study was conducted in the lower, middle and upper reaches of the Rokel/Seli River, Northern Sierra Leone. Scanned by Google. 3 CLIMATE Hovercraft, or helicopter services are no longer running. On a Collection of Sierra Leone Lepidoptera. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. coastal rivers follows. Sierra Leone - Plant and animal life | Britannica reaches of estuaries. (1990) which was somewhat extended and refined from taxonomic . Scanned by Google. Presented to both Houses of Parliament by Command of Her Majesty, 1860. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. northern border with Guinea. Scanned by Google. The Critical Review, Or, Annals of Literature, Volume 65. An Essay on Colonization, particularly applied to the Western Coast of Africa, with some free thoughts on cultivation and commerce; also brief descriptions of the colonies already formed, or attempted, in Africa, including those of Sierra Leona and Bulama. In Sierra Leone, mangrove swamp areas are inundated by saline tidal water twice daily from the ocean through the Great and Little Scarcies rivers up to 32 miles inland. Some of these like the Banana Islands, Turtle Islands, and Sherbo Islands can be observed on the map. points and reaches elevations between 152 and 304 meters (500 and 1,000 Published in 1788. Source book for the inland fishery resources of Africa Vol. 2 [7] Geologically it is a tectonically controlled basin with formations of Precambrian, Infra-Cambrian and Pleistocene age. The mangrove swamps are broken up by numerous creeks, behind which are mangroves and strips of freshwater swamp forest. (submerged sand banks) that comprises the Bissagos Archipelago, off Guinea-Bissau in the J Fish Biol 27(Supplement A):263277, Payne AI, Wakeford RC (2006) Bumbuna hydroelectric project, baseline fish survey final report. Ferme, Mariane. the extent of fishing activities is water movement. Within and between river differences were analysed and a high degree of statistical similarity was found between the species composition of the major rivers. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, Ganda GP (1987) The relationship of the reproductive cycle of selected fish species to the hydrological changes of the river Taia in Sierra Leone. Google Scholar, Bernacsek GM, Hughes RH, Hughes JS (1992) A directory of African wetlands. Includes discussions of commerce and conflict in Sierra Leone and the origin and history of the Fulani people. Sierra Leone is bounded on the southwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean; By the Right Rev. Scanned by Google. the continental shelf basin between Saint Ann Shoals and the Bissagos Islands (Longhurst, Other major rivers include the Jong, Sewa, Soa, and Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2000. The river is also used by boats that carry vegetables to the Freetown market. prevailing winds from the southwest monsoon characterize the rainy The White Man's Grave: A Visit to Sierra Leone, in 1834, Volume I. part of West Africa. The outline map represents mainland Sierra Leone. Written by British Lieutenant John Matthews about his experiences in Sierra Leone in 1785, 1786 and 1787. In: Inland Waters of Southern Africa: An Ecological Perspective. By Major Alexander Gordon Laing. J Zool (Lond) 167:4195, Welcomme RL (1985) River fisheries. rise to deposits of lignite. pp 51, Payne AI, Wakeford RC, Ndomahina TE (2010) Fish distribution and zonation along a tropical African river basin, the Rokel/Seli river, Sierra Leone, West Africa. onshore deposition of clay and silty clays by tidal action (aggradation) in the Northern and Western, Longest distances: By Thomas Coke, LL.D., General Superintendent of the Missions, 1812. (accessed April 10, 2003). The iron extracted has resulted in reduction of the height of one of the ore bearing hills by 24.4 metres (80ft). By Court of Directors, Sierra Leone Company, 1794. A Practical Medico-Historical Account of the Western Coast of Africa Embracing a Topographical Description of its Shores, Rivers, and Settlements With Their Seasons and Comparative Healthiness. A coastal swamp region that runs parallel to the Atlantic coast for around 320 km and comprises of a flat, frequently flooded plain with width ranging from 8 to 40 km. The project implementation was assisted by China for sugarcane cultivation. [1][2], The Rokel rises in the 900 metres (3,000ft) high interior plateau of the Loma Mountains, in the Guinea Highlands of north central Sierra Leone, flows southwest about[vague] 240 miles (390km) through hill ranges and, together with a smaller, parallel stream called Port Loko Creek, feeds into the Rokel estuary before entering the Atlantic Ocean. There are many projects developed in the river basin which derive their water supply requirements from this river. Most of the small lakes in Sierra Leone are located in the south. The avifauna in the area consists of 10,000 birds of 36 species (1995 record). Mape. Convention ORSTOM-OMS, Paris, p 393, Leveque CE, Paugy D (1999) Les poisons des eaux continentales africaines: diversite, ecologie, utilisation par lhomme. The river basin measures 10,622 square kilometres (4,101 sq mi) in size, with the drainage divided by the Gbengbe and Kabala hills and the Sula Mountains. It lies in the Northern and Western Hemispheres of the Earth. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12961-4, Skelton P (1993) Freshwater fishes of southern Africa. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.03.015, Article Abstract. The mean This disease, By clicking accept or continuing to use the site, you agree to the terms outlined in our. During the dry By James McQueen, 1825. By William Whitaker Shreeve, 1817. Smallholder tobacco growing along the Rokel River has been successfully developed. A Rokel River Water Rights Agreement (Ratification) Act was signed with the developers of the mines; the mines are in operation since 1933 to 1975 by Sierra Leone Development Company (DELCO) and Astro Minerals from 1983. Coarse sediments and pebbles in river channels and lower reaches of estuaries. Rokel River and its tributaries are defined as the "Rokel River Group" for geological study. The dynamics of fish populations in two African rivers are being investigated with a view to developing fishery management models for tropical non-floodplain rivers. July, August and September. as is indicated in Table 2. IFAN 28(Ser A (3)):10411063, MRAG, 18 Queen Street, London, W1J 5PN, UK, You can also search for this author in Ramsar list of wetlands of international importance, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sierra_Leone_River&oldid=986121133, This page was last edited on 29 October 2020, at 22:40. Sierra Leone Bordering Countries: In: Proceedings International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture. [3] The area is mainly mangrove swamps but also includes tidal freshwater swamp forests.[4]. Scanned by Google. Atlantic Ocean; and a wide plains area extending inland to about the Then, the accumulated plant material gives https://www.britannica.com/place/Sierra-Leone-River, Food And Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations - Sierra Leone. Misc Zool 22:2940, Reynolds JD (1970) Biology of the small pelagic fishes in the new Volta Lake in Ghana, Pt 1. Scanned by Google. The ecology, distribution and diversity of fish species in Sierra Leone

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